Prevention of downhill walking-induced muscle damage by non-damaging downhill walking

Maeo, Sumiaki; Yamamoto, Masayoshi; Kanehisa, Hiroaki; Nosaka, Kazunori

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173909

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Rather, we interpret the finding(s) on the pronounced hypertrophy of RF to signify that RF was preferentially being trained among QF muscles. Given that prior exposure to ECC stimuli, but not CON stimuli, is crucial for muscle damage/strain injury prevention, we consider that single‐joint ECC knee extension training, among others, is likely a strong preventive measure against strain injuries in RF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A growing body of evidence suggests that multi‐joint leg extension exercise represented by the squat, another one of the major training modalities for targeting QF, does not provide sufficient training stimuli to RF . Furthermore, it is well documented that prior exposure to ECC stimuli, but not CON stimuli, is crucial for muscle damage/strain injury prevention. Considering the current result together with the potential repeated bout effect in ECC exercise, single‐joint ECC knee extension training, among others, may have positive implications for strain injury prevention of RF from the viewpoint of exercise modality (eg, vs squat) and contraction mode (eg, vs CON).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the QF muscles, the rectus femoris (RF) is the most commonly injured muscle, likely due to its bi‐articular nature and complex musculotendinous architecture . Given that prior bouts of ECC contractions largely protect against muscle damage and reduce the risk of strain injuries, known as the repeated bout effect, identifying a training modality that preferentially trains RF with ECC stimuli may be beneficial in strain injury prevention of this muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-joint eccentric knee extension training preferentially trains the rectus femoris within the quadriceps muscles

et al. 2018

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Eccentric contraction‐induced quadriceps strains, particularly in the rectus femoris (RF), frequently occur in sports. By using MRI‐based transverse relaxation time (T2) as an index of exercise‐induced muscle edema, previous studies found pronounced damage in RF after an acute single‐joint eccentric knee extension exercise. This study examined whether single‐joint eccentric knee extension training would preferentially train RF, resulting in greater hypertrophy of RF than the other quadriceps muscles. Twelve males conducted work‐matched single‐joint isokinetic (180°/s) maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors in one leg (ECC‐leg) and concentric in the other (CON‐leg), six sets/session (3‐5 sets in the initial 1‐3 sessions), two sessions/wk for 10 weeks. Muscle volume of each quadriceps was measured pre‐ and post‐training. T2 of each muscle was assessed weekly throughout the training period and pre‐ and post‐training. Muscle volume significantly increased in all muscles in ECC‐leg only, with a greater degree for RF (+7.3%) than the vasti (2.9%‐3.7%). T2 did not change in all muscles throughout. These results suggest that RF can be preferentially trained by single‐joint eccentric knee extension training. Cooperatively with the potential repeated bout effect (ie, protective effect) in eccentric exercise, this training modality would have positive implications for strain injury prevention of RF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-joint eccentric knee extension training preferentially trains the rectus femoris within the quadriceps muscles

et al. 2018

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“…In Europe a quarter of the population is already aged ≥ 60 years and that proportion is estimated to reach 35% in 2050 (35). To maintain the ability to remain physically active during ageing, which results in many health benefits (36), reduced exercise-induced muscle damage is favorable, especially since muscle damage is not associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy (37), whereas the consequent muscle soreness does hinder people to exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of protein supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage, soreness and fatigue following prolonged walking exercise in older adults a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Haaf¹,

Bongers²,

Hulshof³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Protein supplementation can enhance recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage in young adults. It is currently unknown whether this could be extrapolated to older adults who have a disturbed muscle protein synthetic response. The aim of this study was to assess whether protein supplementation could attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage and soreness after prolonged moderate-intensity walking exercise in older adults.Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study, 104 participants (81% male, BMI: 26.5±2.5 kg/m 2 ) of 65 years or older used either a protein (n=50) or placebo supplement (n=54) during breakfast and directly after exercise cessation. Study participants walked 30/40/50 km per day on 3 consecutive days. Muscle soreness and fatigue were determined at baseline, and after the 1 st and 3 rd exercise day with a numeric rating scale. Blood samples, to measure plasma creatine kinase (CK) concentrations and serum inflammation markers, were obtained at baseline (pre-exercise), and after the 1 st and 3 rd exercise day.Results Habitual protein intake was comparable between the protein (0.92±0.27 g/kg/d) and placebo group (0.97±0.23 g/kg/d, P= 0.31). At baseline, comparable CK concentrations were found between the protein and the placebo group (110 (IQR: 84–160 U/L) and 115 (IQR: 91–186 U/L), respectively, P= 0.84). Prolonged walking (protein: 32±9 km/d, placebo: 33±6 km/d) resulted in a cumulative increase of CK in both the protein (∆283 (IQR: 182–662 U/L)) and placebo group (∆456 (IQR: 209–885 U/L)) after three days. CK elevations were not significantly different between groups ( P= 0.43). Similarly, no differences in inflammation markers, muscle soreness and fatigue were found between groups.Conclusions In contrast to findings in young adults, protein supplementation does not attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage, muscle soreness or fatigue in older adults performing prolonged moderate-intensity walking exercise.

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“…On the other hand, ECC-induced symptoms, such as DOMS, may influence activity in daily life, rehabilitation, and motivation of athletes for daily training even though the symptoms are transient. However, it is also known that performing similar exercise several days before training reduces the grade of DOMS and damage and promotes recovery of reduced tension [ 2 , 6 , 7 ]. This effect of pre-exercise is referred to as the repeated-bout effect, and it has been reported to appear within 2 days to one week [ 6 – 8 ] and persist for 6 months [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconditioning Contractions Suppress Muscle Pain Markers after Damaging Eccentric Contractions

Nagahisa

Ikezaki

Yamada

et al. 2018

Pain Research and Management

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Inexperienced vigorous exercise, including eccentric contraction (ECC), causes muscle pain and damage. Similar prior light exercise suppresses the development of muscle pain (repeated-bout effect), but the molecular mechanisms behind this are not sufficiently understood. In this study, the influence of a nondamaging preconditioning ECC load (Precon) on muscle pain-related molecules and satellite cell-activating factors was investigated at the mRNA expression level. Nine-week-old male Wistar rats (n=36) were divided into 2 groups: a group receiving only a damaging ECC (100 contractions) load (non-Precon) and a group receiving a nondamaging ECC (10 contractions) load 2 days before receiving the damaging ECC load (Precon). ECC was loaded on the left leg, and the right leg was regarded as the intact control (CTL). The medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle from all rats was excised 2 or 4 days after the damaging ECC loading, and the relative mRNA expression levels of muscle pain- and satellite cell-related molecules were quantitated using real-time RT PCR. Precon suppressed increases in MHC-embryonic and MHC-neonatal mRNA expressions. Enhancement of HGF, Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin mRNA expression was also suppressed, suggesting that Precon decreased the degree of muscle damage and no muscle regeneration or satellite cell activation occurred. Similarly, increases in mRNA expression of muscle pain-related molecules (BKB2 receptor, COX-2, and mPGEC-1) were also suppressed. This study clearly demonstrated that at the mRNA level, prior light ECC suppressed muscle damage induced by later damaging ECC and promoted recovery from muscle pain.

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Prevention of downhill walking-induced muscle damage by non-damaging downhill walking

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Single-joint eccentric knee extension training preferentially trains the rectus femoris within the quadriceps muscles

Single-joint eccentric knee extension training preferentially trains the rectus femoris within the quadriceps muscles

The impact of protein supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage, soreness and fatigue following prolonged walking exercise in older adults a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Preconditioning Contractions Suppress Muscle Pain Markers after Damaging Eccentric Contractions

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