Prevention of early flowering by expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C requires methylation of histone H3 K36

Zhao, Zhong; Yu, Yu; Meyer, Denise; Wu, Chang; Shen, Wen‐Hui

doi:10.1038/ncb1329

Cited by 280 publications

(333 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These findings suggest that histone methylation may play broad and important roles in regulating transcription. Consistent with this notion, several Arabidopsis histone methyltransferase (HMTase) mutants have been found to exhibit a myriad of developmental abnormalities (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Furthermore, transcriptome profiling studies have identified numerous genes that are misregulated in HMTase mutants (19,27,28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 62%

SET DOMAIN GROUP2 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase in Arabidopsis

Guo

Law

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

162

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Posttranslational modifications of histones play important roles in modulating chromatin structure and regulating gene expression. We have previously shown that more than two thirds of Arabidopsis genes contain histone H3 methylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me) and that trimethylation of H3K4 (H3K4me3) is preferentially located at actively transcribed genes. In addition, several Arabidopsis mutants with locus-specific loss of H3K4me have been found to display various developmental abnormalities. These findings suggest that H3K4me3 may play important roles in maintaining the normal expression of a large number of genes. However, the major enzyme(s) responsible for H3K4me3 has yet to be identified in plants, making it difficult to address questions regarding the mechanisms and functions of H3K4me3. Here we described the characterization of SET DOMAIN GROUP 2 (SDG2), a large Arabidopsis protein containing a histone lysine methyltransferase domain. We found that SDG2 homologs are highly conserved in plants and that the Arabidopsis SDG2 gene is broadly expressed during development. In addition, the loss of SDG2 leads to severe and pleiotropic phenotypes, as well as the misregulation of a large number of genes. Consistent with our finding that SDG2 is a robust and specific H3K4 methyltransferase in vitro, the loss of SDG2 leads to a drastic decrease in H3K4me3 in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that SDG2 is the major enzyme responsible for H3K4me3 in Arabidopsis and that SDG2-dependent H3K4m3 is critical for regulating gene expression and plant development.

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mentioning

confidence: 62%

SET DOMAIN GROUP2 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase in Arabidopsis

Guo

Law

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

162

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“…Further support comes from the finding of a decreased level of H3K36 methylation at the FLC gene in sdg8 mutant plants (Zhao et al, 2005).…”

Section: Histone Methylasesmentioning

confidence: 66%

Impact of nucleosome dynamics and histone modifications on cell proliferation during Arabidopsis development

et al. 2010

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Eukaryotic chromatin is a highly structured macromolecular complex of which DNA is wrapped around a histone-containing core. DNA can be methylated at specific C residues and each histone molecule can be covalently modified at a large variety of amino acids in both their tail and core domains. Furthermore, nucleosomes are not static entities and both their position and histone composition can also vary. As a consequence, chromatin behaves as a highly dynamic cellular component with a large combinatorial complexity beyond DNA sequence that conforms the epigenetic landscape. This has key consequences on various developmental processes such as root and flower development, gametophyte and embryo formation and response to the environment, among others. Recent evidence indicate that posttranslational modifications of histones also affect cell cycle progression and processes depending on a correct balance of proliferating cell populations, which in the context of a developing organisms includes cell cycle, stem cell dynamics and the exit from the cell cycle to endoreplication and cell differentiation. The impact of epigenetic modifications on these processes will be reviewed here.

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“…ASHH1 is the Arabidopsis homolog of yeast Set2 [44] which has been shown to exhibit H3K36 methyltransferase activity [64]. In addition, genetic studies revealed that ashh2 mutants show an early flowering phenotype that is accompanied by a decrease in H3K36 methylation at the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) [65].…”

Section: Class Ii: the Ash1 Homologs (H3k36)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant SET domain-containing proteins: Structure, function and regulation

Wang

Chandrasekharan

et al. 2007

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expres

176

195

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Modification of the histone proteins that form the core around which chromosomal DNA is looped has profound epigenetic effects on the accessibility of the associated DNA for transcription, replication and repair. The SET domain is now recognized as generally having methyltransferase activity targeted to specific lysine residues of histone H3 or H4. There is considerable sequence conservation within the SET domain and within its flanking regions. Previous reviews have shown that SET proteins from Arabidopsis and maize fall into five classes according to their sequence and domain architectures. These classes generally reflect specificity for a particular substrate. SET proteins from rice were found to fall into similar groupings, strengthening the merit of the approach taken. Two additional classes, VI and VII, were established that include proteins with truncated/ interrupted SET domains. Diverse mechanisms are involved in shaping the function and regulation of SET proteins. These include protein-protein interactions through both intra-and inter-molecular associations that are important in plant developmental processes, such as flowering time control and embryogenesis. Alternative splicing that can result in the generation of two to several different transcript isoforms is now known to be widespread. An exciting and tantalizing question is whether, or how, this alternative splicing affects gene function. For example, it is conceivable that one isoform may debilitate methyltransferase function whereas the other may enhance it, providing an opportunity for differential regulation. The review concludes with the speculation that modulation of SET protein function is mediated by antisense or sense-antisense RNA.

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Prevention of early flowering by expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C requires methylation of histone H3 K36

Cited by 280 publications

References 28 publications

SET DOMAIN GROUP2 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase in Arabidopsis

SET DOMAIN GROUP2 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase in Arabidopsis

Impact of nucleosome dynamics and histone modifications on cell proliferation during Arabidopsis development

Plant SET domain-containing proteins: Structure, function and regulation

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