Prevention of fetal infection in heifers challenged with bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1a by vaccination with a type 1c or type 1a vaccine

Packianathan, Raj; Clough, WJ; Hodge, Allison; Holz, DK; Huang, Jiefang; Bryant, GL; Colantoni, C

doi:10.1080/00480169.2017.1291376

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The primary role of any pestivirus vaccine is to prevent transplacental infection and thus reduce the rate of PI development 27 . Mechanisms of preventing transplacental infection are complex, with contributing factors including the presence of viraemia outside white blood cells (required for transplacental infection) and the presence of pre‐existing circulating antibody 28 . For this reason, determining the titre of circulating antibody required for foetal protection is non‐definitive 27,28 and so the preferred study design is a challenge study whereby offspring are assessed for pestivirus antigen and antibody 11,20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanisms of preventing transplacental infection are complex, with contributing factors including the presence of viraemia outside white blood cells (required for transplacental infection) and the presence of pre‐existing circulating antibody 28 . For this reason, determining the titre of circulating antibody required for foetal protection is non‐definitive 27,28 and so the preferred study design is a challenge study whereby offspring are assessed for pestivirus antigen and antibody 11,20 . This current study did not include a BDV challenge aspect to definitively assess the prevention of PI development and instead a protective titre of >256 was selected, based on a BVDV study conducted by Bolin and Ridpath, 29 who found that calves with a VNT titre of 256 or less exhibited systemic viraemia and fever.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation into the transmission and control of pestivirus in sheep in Australia

Prell,

McGrath,

Kirkland

et al. 2023

Aust Veterinary J

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Border disease virus (BDV) is a member of the pestivirus genus that primarily affects sheep, causing reproductive losses through abortion, still births and the birth of weak lambs. The key characteristic of this disease is the birth of persistently infected (PI) lambs which, after surviving transplacental infection, are born antibody negative, yet virus positive, and thus shed the virus for their entire life and are the primary source of spread within a flock. The cornerstones of BDV control are detection and elimination of PI animals, biosecurity measures to prevent re‐infection, and surveillance programs. Recommendations for the control of BDV in sheep are centred around the approach to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), the prominent cattle pestivirus species, due to a lack of specific research into BDV control and elimination. In this study, two aspects of a BDV control program were investigated: the effectiveness of the BVDV vaccine, Pestigard®, and the rate of seroconversion in a flock deliberately exposed to known PI lambs. The vaccine appeared to be safe, and the optimal dose was the full cattle dose (2 mL). While vaccination induced high virus neutralising titres to BVDV when administered as either a quarter, half or full dose registered for cattle, the BDV titres achieved were low and unlikely to prevent transplacental infection. In a second study, after exposure of between 2 and 15 days exposure to two PI lambs in confined conditions, only 3 of 66 previously naïve sheep demonstrated seroconversion. This demonstrated a very low rate of transmission and suggested that deliberate exposure to PI lambs at low‐risk times for less than 15 days was not likely to be an effective means of achieving seroconversion throughout a flock and, therefore, not provide protection against BDV challenge during gestation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the transmission and control of pestivirus in sheep in Australia

Prell,

McGrath,

Kirkland

et al. 2023

Aust Veterinary J

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“…However New Zealand only has BVDV-1, with BVDV-1a and -1c reported. 24,32,33 It is not clear whether seroconversion to a different type 1 virus can occur when an animal is PI with the other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In New Zealand, the risk that a PI animal would be antibody-positive after maternal immunity has waned appears low, given that only BVDV-1 is present and only BVDV-1a and -1c killed vaccines are available. 24…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of calf age on bovine viral diarrhea virus tests

McDougall¹

2021

J VET Diagn Invest

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes significant economic loss in cattle. Detection of persistently infected (PI) animals is an important control measure, but persistence of maternal antibodies may result in false-negative test results. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of 2 antigen ELISAs (Idexx BVDV Ag/Serum Plus and BVDV PI X2) and a reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR; Idexx RealPCR BVDV) assay for detecting PI calves. Ear notch samples were collected from 1,030 calves ~3, 10, 24, and 38 d old (days 3, 10, 24, and 38). All day 38 samples were tested using 2 antigen ELISAs and RT-rtPCR, and any calf that tested positive by any of these tests was blood sampled at ~100 d old (day 100) for antigen and antibody testing by ELISA; samples collected on days 3, 10, and 24 were tested using the antigen ELISAs and PCR. Calves were defined as PI if they were test-positive on day 38 by either ELISA or PCR and were antigen-positive on day 100. Twenty-six calves were PCR BVDV test–positive and one was BVDV PI X2 ELISA–positive at day 38. Five calves were defined as PI, and all tested positive by ELISAs and RT-PCR assay on days 3, 10, and 24. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% for both antigen ELISAs and 96.7% and 100%, respectively, by RT-rtPCR. Test results were not affected by calf age, suggesting that testing for PI calves can be undertaken at any age.

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Specific Infectious Diseases Causing Infertility and Subfertility in Cattle

Parkinson¹

2019

Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics

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Prevention of fetal infection in heifers challenged with bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1a by vaccination with a type 1c or type 1a vaccine

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

An investigation into the transmission and control of pestivirus in sheep in Australia

An investigation into the transmission and control of pestivirus in sheep in Australia

Effect of calf age on bovine viral diarrhea virus tests

Specific Infectious Diseases Causing Infertility and Subfertility in Cattle

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