Prevention of Firearm Injury through Policy and Law: The Social
                        Ecological Model

Durkin, Allison; Schenck, Christopher; Narayan, Yamini; Nyhan, Kate; Khoshnood, Kaveh; Vermund, Sten H.

doi:10.1177/1073110520979422

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The social–ecological model (SEM) is a conceptual framework for organizing factors that affect health outcomes at the individual, relationship, community, and societal levels (The Social-Ecological and Model 2022 ). The SEM has previously been applied to firearm injury prevention (Durkin et al 2020 ), but not specifically in the pediatric population. Figure 1 presents perceived determinants of firearm safety with respect to children identified in the study organized in accordance with the social–ecological model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to firearm storage: a qualitative study

et al. 2022

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Background Firearm injury is a leading cause of death among children. Safer firearm storage practices are associated with a reduced risk of childhood suicide and unintentional firearm death. However, these practices are underutilized. The objective of this study was to characterize parental attitudes and beliefs related to firearm storage and identify facilitators and barriers to safer storage practices. Methods Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted to identify motivations for using different storage methods among parents who kept firearms in southern Connecticut. The constant comparative method was used to code interview transcripts and derive themes directly from the data. Results Twenty participants completed the study. 60% were male, 90% were white, and all were between 32 and 53 years old. 85% of participants stored firearms locked, 60% unloaded, 65% kept ammunition locked or did not keep ammunition in their home, and 45% stored ammunition separate from firearms. The following themes were identified: (1) firearm storage must be compatible with a specific context of use; (2) some parents engage in higher-risk storage because they believe it is adequate to reduce the risk of injury; (3) firearm practices are influenced by one’s social network and lived experience; (4) parents who own firearms may be amenable to changing storage practices; and (5) parents’ conceptualization of firearm injury prevention is multimodal, involving storage, education, and legislation. Conclusions Parents who keep firearms value convenience and utility, which may be at odds with safer storage practices; however, some may be amenable to adopting safer practices. Family and peer relationships, education, and legislation represent important facilitators of storage practices. Understanding parental attitudes and beliefs on firearm storage may inform future interventions to improve storage practices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to firearm storage: a qualitative study

et al. 2022

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“…Firearms represent the leading mechanism for homicides and suicides in the United States, causing 75% of homicides and 51% of suicides (CDC, 2020). Like many public health problems, firearm injury is multifactorial with influences and opportunities for prevention at the personal, interpersonal, community, and policy level reflected by the Social-ecological model (Durkin et al, 2020). Our understanding of the risk for firearm injury comes mostly from epidemiologic surveillance data and retrospective studies, but much remains poorly understood, in part because there is little self-reported data from victims themselves and because firearm violence is one of the most understudied public safety, public health, and medical problems in the United States (Stark & Shah, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not All Survivors Are the Same: Qualitative Assessment of Prior Violence, Risks, Recovery and Perceptions of Firearms and Violence Among Victims of Firearm Injury

Hink

Atkins

Rowhani-Rahbar

2021

J Interpers Violence

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Qualitative exploration into the risk, experiences, and outcomes of victims of firearm injury is imperative to informing not only further research, but prevention and intervention strategies. The purpose of this study was to explore prior violent exposures, risks, recovery, supportive services, outcomes, and views of firearms and violence among survivors of firearm assaults and unintentional injuries. Adults treated at a level 1 trauma center in Seattle, WA, for assault and unintentional firearm injuries were interviewed utilizing a semistructured instrument. Interview responses were coded to identify common themes and representative quotes are reported. Sixteen participants were interviewed. Notable themes included the following: (a) prior violent exposures were experienced by half of survivors, mostly through community violence; (b) risk for firearm injury was felt to be related to general societal violence, unsafe communities, and firearm practices; (c) important aspects of recovery included family/social support, mental health care and financial support services; (d) notable outcomes included psychological problems such as PTSD and anxiety, changes in relationships, and developing a new sense of purpose or mission in life; (e) generally negative views toward firearms, supporting restricted access and firearm safety practices; (f) acknowledgement of the complexity of firearm violence in society with prevention geared toward equitable education, economic opportunities and safety net programs to reduce community violence; and (g) disappointment in the criminal justice system. These findings demonstrate the varied experiences, needs, and outcomes after injury, but highlight the significance of community and societal violence, and need for improved mental health services. Integration of mental health services and victim assistance programs into trauma centers and hospital-based violence intervention programs is imperative for all survivors. Encouraging survivors to engage in new aspirations after injury can be empowering, and there is an unmet need for victim support and advocacy within the criminal justice system.

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Firearm Experiences, Behaviors, and Norms Among Rural Adolescents

Weybright,

Terral,

Hall

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceRural adolescents are at high risk for firearm-related injury, yet most existing prevention efforts are informed by research conducted in urban areas. Despite the need to account for rural perspectives, few studies have investigated the unique social ecological context of firearms for rural adolescents or have directly engaged with rural adolescents to understand their views on firearm use.ObjectiveTo describe rural adolescents’ firearm behaviors and perceptions of firearm-related social norms within their communities, peer groups, and families.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used a convergent mixed-methods design and involved a community-based participatory research approach. Participants comprised 93 adolescents residing in rural Washington state and enrolled in a county or tribal reservation 4-H youth development program as an intermediate or senior age-level grouping (ie, aged 12-19 years). Adolescents completed a survey and participated in a semistructured focus group or interview between September 1, 2021, and September 30, 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIndividual handgun behavior and peer, family, and community perceptions of firearm-related social norms.ResultsThe sample included 93 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.7 [1.7] years; 49 female participants [52.7%]). Approximately half of participants (52 [55.9%]) had carried a handgun at some point in their lives, with a mean (SD) age at first carry of 10.9 (3.1) years. Primary themes across quantitative and qualitative data focused on social norms (specifically, acceptable and unacceptable ways to engage with firearms, reasons for carrying firearms, and places to carry a firearm).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, rural adolescents in 4-H programs generally understood acceptable and unacceptable firearm carrying behaviors, which aligned with state laws. Findings provide context for rural adolescent behaviors such as carrying a firearm predominantly for prosocial reasons (hunting, recreation, and sport) and adult behavior such as carrying for protection of person and personal property. Understanding firearm-related social norms in rural communities holds implications for firearm injury prevention efforts, especially related to enhancing training, developing norms-based prevention approaches, and tailoring efforts to rural settings.

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Prevention of Firearm Injury through Policy and Law: The Social Ecological Model

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Parental attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to firearm storage: a qualitative study

Parental attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to firearm storage: a qualitative study

Not All Survivors Are the Same: Qualitative Assessment of Prior Violence, Risks, Recovery and Perceptions of Firearms and Violence Among Victims of Firearm Injury

Firearm Experiences, Behaviors, and Norms Among Rural Adolescents

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