Prevention of fumonisin‐induced maternal and developmental toxicity in rats by certain plant extracts

Abstract

In earlier work we have reported that garlic and cabbage extracts can protect laboratory animals from the toxic effects of different mycotoxins. Previous research demonstrated that fumonisin (FB) induced developmental effects in mice, rats and hamsters. The objectives of the present study were to utilize the pregnant rat as an in vivo model to compare the potential of garlic and cabbage seed extracts to prevent the developmental toxicity of FB and the effects of these extracts on sphingolipid metabolism in dam and foetus livers. Six treatment groups included a control group, a group fed on an FB-containing diet (150 mg kg(-1) feed) and groups treated orally with garlic or cabbage extracts (5 mg kg(-1) body wt.) with or without FB during gestation days 6-15. Evaluations of toxicity were performed on day 20. These include: maternal (mortality, body weight, feed intake and litter weight), developmental (embryonic resorption, foetal body weight, foetal soft-tissue anomalies and foetal skeletal examinations) and maternal and foetal sphingolipid metabolism. Fumonisin alone resulted in significant decreases in feed intake, body weight gain, litter weight, number of live foetuses and foetal body weight, whereas it increased significantly the number of resorbed foetuses and the number of skeletal malformations (30.4% for skull and 26.08% for sternebrae) and also increased the sphinganine/sphingosine (Sa/So) ratio in dam but not fetus livers. Garlic alone or plus FB was comparable to the control regarding all the tested parameters. On the other hand, cabbage seed extract alone or plus FB resulted in 10% maternal mortality and a decrease in maternal body weight and litter weight. It resulted in 4.65% skull malformations in foetuses but it was comparable to the control with regard to the other tested parameters. It could be concluded that both garlic and cabbage seed extracts have protective effects in pregnant rats. Moreover, garlic extract was found to have a greater protective effect than cabbage seed extract.

Nigella sativa Fixed and Essential Oil Supplementation Modulates Hyperglycemia and Allied Complications in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetes Mellitus

“…In this study, hyperglycemia was linearly associated with antioxidant damage, that is, MDA and conjugated dienes levels, whilst it was inversely correlated with total antioxidant capacity and glutathione contents. STZ results in depletion of antioxidant system in both blood and tissues and promotes the generation of free radicals [32]. N. sativa essential oil owing to its antioxidant potential is useful in controlling the diabetic complications in experimental diabetic rats.…”

Effect of Nigella sativa fixed and essential oils on antioxidant status, hepatic enzymes, and immunity in streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus

“…The results of the present exploration indicated that production of free radicals increased. STZ results in depletion of antioxidant system in both blood and tissues and promotes the generation of free radicals [25]. N. sativa essential oil owing to its antioxidant potential is useful in controlling the diabetic complications in experimental diabetic rats [26].…”

Dietary Fumonisin and Growth Impairment in Children and Animals: A Review

“…Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed diets prepared using F. verticillioides culture material so as to contain 150 mg FB 1 /kg feed from GD 6 to 15 (Abdel‐Wahhab et al., ). On GD 20 there were significant decreases in feed intake, body weight gain, litter weight, number of live fetuses, fetal body weight, and an increased Sa/So ratio in livers of dams but not in the fetal livers.…”

“…The free sphingoid bases (sphinganine [Sa] and sphingosine [So]) and the Sa/So ratio in urine and blood have been validated as robust biomarkers for fumonisin exposure in animals (Riley, Wang, & Merrill, 1994;Baldwin et al, 2011), which were found to be associated with reduced performance and toxicity in animals with high exposure to fumonisins. Multiple animal species showed dose-dependent increases in Sa/So ratio in tissues and blood following consumption of fumonisin-contaminated diets; for example, monkeys (van der Westhuizen, Shephard, & van Schalkwyk, 2001), turkeys (Broomhead, Ledoux, Bermudez, & Rottinghaus, 2002;Tardieu et al, 2007), swine (Riley et al, 1993;Rotter et al, 1996), rats (Abdel-Wahhab, Hassan, Amer, & Naguib, 2004, Direito et al, 2009Hahn et al, 2015;NTP, 2001), mice (Bondy et al, 2012;Delongchamp & Young, 2001), catfish (Yildirim, Manning, Lovell, Grizzle, & Rottinghaus, 2000), chickens (Grenier et al, 2015;Henry, Wyatt, & Fletchert, 2000), and ducks (Tran et al, 2005). It should be noted that many of the studies cited above were conducted using diets prepared from maize-culture material or partially purified extracts which likely contain other biologically active compounds (JECFA, 2001(JECFA, , 2012(JECFA, , 2017a.…”