Prevention of gastrointestinal tumors based on adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation by dendritic cell vaccine

The management of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN): open controversies and guidelines of the Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy

“…GEMs harbour activated oncogenes and/or inactivated tumour-suppressor genes that predispose them to develop cancer [112]. These studies provide evidence of the great potential of vaccines to induce prevention of cancer and demonstrate that a vaccine-alerted immune system effectively blocks the carcinogenesis process driven by the overexpression of specific oncogenes [112][113][114]. In GEMs that are transgenic for the rat HER2 oncogene, mammary and salivary carcinogenesis is driven by HER2-receptor expression, whereas down-modulation or loss of the receptor blocks tumor progression [115][116][117].…”

Cancer immunotherapy using dendritic/tumour-fusion vaccine induces elevation of serum anti-nuclear antibody with better clinical responses

“…We have reported previously the use of polyethylene glycol to generate fusion cells composed of autologous DCs and tumour cells derived from mice or humans [10,28,29]. Briefly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from patients’ blood using Ficoll density‐gradient centrifugation (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden).…”

Antigen-Presenting Cell/Tumour Cell Hybrid Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy

“…Many investigators have shown, in animal models, that vaccination with DC/tumour fusion hybrids protected against challenge with the relevant tumour and mediated the regression of established tumours of a wide range of tumour types, including renal, colon, lung, breast, hepatic and cervical carcinomas, melanoma, sarcoma, neurological and haematological tumours [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. In addition, studies in tumourprone mouse strains vaccinated with fusion cell vaccines showed protection against, or delay in the development of, tumours [36][37][38]. Both syngeneic and allogeneic DCs were shown to be effective as APCs for fusion hybrids for vaccination, and the mechanisms of protective immunity induced by DC/tumour fusion vaccines depended on their ability to induce both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, with CD8+ antigen-specific CTLs representing the major mediators of tumour rejection [30,31,33,34,37].…”