Prevention of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2020

Abstract

Summary Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable, communicable disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The infection is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, usually from direct person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis A is an acute, self-limited disease that does not result in chronic infection. HAV antibodies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] anti-HAV) produced in response to HAV infection persist for life and protect against reinfection; IgG anti-HAV produced after vaccination confer long-term immunity. This report supplants and summarizes previously published recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the prevention of HAV infection in the United States. ACIP recommends routine vaccination of children aged 12–23 months and catch-up vaccination for children and adolescents aged 2–18 years who have not previously received hepatitis A (HepA) vaccine at any age. ACIP recommends HepA vaccination for adults at risk for HAV infection or severe disease from HAV infection and for adults requesting protection against HAV without acknowledgment of a risk factor. These recommendations also provide guidance for vaccination before travel, for postexposure prophylaxis, in settings providing services to adults, and during outbreaks

Cross-sectional Assessment of HIV and Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E among Individuals Surveyed in National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey, 1999–2018

“…Currently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that all people with HIV who are greater than 1 year be vaccinated against Hepatitis A and receive post-vaccination testing one month after completing Hepatitis A vaccination. 21 Also unvaccinated people with HIV receive Hepatitis B vaccination. 22 Also all adults 18 age years and older should be screened for hepatitis C. 23 Moreover, the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease recommends Hepatitis D testing for Hepatitis B carriers who are at high risk of Hepatitis D infection.…”

Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: hepatites virais

“…En caso de exposición a factores de riesgo clínicos, laborales y de estilo de vida, además de viajar a zonas de alta prevalencia, se puede utilizar la inmunoprofilaxis. 12,70 Hepatitis B en la gestación Las proporciones de infección crónica por VHB son más elevadas cuanto más precozmente se produce la infección. 71 Por lo tanto, el control de la transmisión vertical potencialmente reduce la aparición de hepatitis crónica, cirrosis y hepatocarcinoma.…”

Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E: Clinical and Epidemiological Features, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

“…This can consist of either vaccination or intramuscular immune globulin. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends vaccination for healthy people aged 12 months to 40 years; immune globulin for those aged over 40, although vaccination is acceptable; and immune globulin for children under 12 months, immunocompromised individuals, patients with chronic liver disease, and anyone with contraindications for vaccination [ 53 ]. Screening for HAV should be offered to at-risk individuals in sexual-health settings, mainly targeting men who have sex with men, intravenous drug users, and patients with HIV, HBV, or HCV disease [ 54 ].…”