Prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection: current status and future prospects

Nyholm, Jessica; Schleiss, Mark R.

doi:10.2147/ijwh.s5782

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Although most infected newborns (85-90%) are considered asymptomatic at birth, cCMV is associated with a higher risk of hearing loss and late-onset neurodevelopmental disorders (in 5-15% of "asymptomatic" newborns) [13]. To reduce the likelihood of maternal infection, maternal-fetal transmission, and subsequent complications in the event of a congenital infection, prevention strategy is structured around three key components: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention [14][15][16][17]. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of public health operations to help countries optimize and monitor the health and well-being of the population within their jurisdiction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Sartori

Egloff

Hcini

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Cytomegalovirus infection is the most common congenital infection, affecting about 1% of births worldwide. Several primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies are already available during the prenatal period to help mitigate the immediate and long-term consequences of this infection. In this review, we aim to present and assess the efficacy of these strategies, including educating pregnant women and women of childbearing age on their knowledge of hygiene measures, development of vaccines, screening for cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy (systematic versus targeted), prenatal diagnosis and prognostic assessments, and preventive and curative treatments in utero.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Sartori

Egloff

Hcini

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…CMV infection is mostly asymptomatic among the general population; however, around 10% to 15% of infants with congenital CMV infections may be at risk of sequelaes such as mental retardation, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, hearing impairment, and thrombocytopenia [39][40][41][42]. Among these sequelaes, the most devastating one is the CNS sequelae related to neurodevelopment, because CNS injury is irreversible and persists for life, including mental retardation, seizures, hearing loss, ocular abnormalities, and cognitive impairment [43][44][45].…”

Section: Sequelaesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Therapeutic Approaches Against Brain Diseases Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infections

Wang

Chen

2020

IJMS

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the major human health threats worldwide, especially for immunologically comprised patients. CMV may cause opportunistic infections, congenital infections, and brain diseases (e.g., mental retardation and glioblastoma). The etiology of brain diseases associated with human CMV (HCMV) infections is usually complex and it is particularly difficult to treat because HCMV has a life-long infection in its hosts, high mutation rate, and latent infections. Moreover, it is almost impossible to eradicate latent viruses in humans. Although there has been progress in drug discovery recently, current drugs used for treating active CMV infections are still limited in efficacy due to side effects, toxicity, and viral resistance. Fortunately, letermovir which targets the HCMV terminase complex rather than DNA polymerase with fewer adverse reactions has been approved to treat CMV infections in humans. The researchers are focusing on developing approaches against both productive and latent infections of CMV. The gene or RNA targeting approaches including the external guide sequences (EGSs)-RNase, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are being investigated to remove acute and/or latent CMV infections. For the treatment of glioblastoma, vaccine therapy through targeting specific CMV antigens has improved patients’ survival outcomes significantly and immunotherapy has also emerged as an alternative modality. The advanced research for developing anti-CMV agents and approaches is promising to obtain significant outcomes and expecting to have a great impact on the therapy of brain diseases associated with CMV infections.

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“…CMV is transmitted by close interpersonal contact such as saliva, semen, urine, breast milk, or vertically transmission which viruses pass the placenta and directly infect the fetus [15,16]. CMV is the leading cause of congenital viral infection [17][18][19][20]. CMV infection is mostly or mildly asymptomatic among the general population (85%-90%).…”

Section: Congenital Infection and Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Agents as Therapeutic Strategies Against Cytomegalovirus Infections

Chen

Wang

Chen

2019

Viruses

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a threat to human health in the world, particularly for immunologically weak patients. CMV may cause opportunistic infections, congenital infections and central nervous system infections. CMV infections are difficult to treat due to their specific life cycles, mutation, and latency characteristic. Despite recent advances, current drugs used for treating active CMV infections are limited in their efficacy, and the eradication of latent infections is impossible. Current antiviral agents which target the UL54 DNA polymerase are restricted because of nephrotoxicity and viral resistance. CMV also cannot be prevented or eliminated with a vaccine. Fortunately, letermovir which targets the human CMV (HCMV) terminase complex has been recently approved to treat CMV infections in humans. The growing point is developing antiviral agents against both lytically and latently infected cells. The nucleic acid-based therapeutic approaches including the external guide sequences (EGSs)-RNase, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are being explored to remove acute and/or latent CMV infections. HCMV vaccine is being developed for prophylaxis. Additionally, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) has been experimentally used to combate drug-resistant and recurrent CMV in patients after cell and/or organ transplantation. Developing antiviral agents is promising in this area to obtain fruitful outcomes and to have a great impact on humans for the therapy of CMV infections.

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Prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection: current status and future prospects

Cited by 23 publications

References 118 publications

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Potential Therapeutic Approaches Against Brain Diseases Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infections

Antiviral Agents as Therapeutic Strategies Against Cytomegalovirus Infections

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