Prevention of metabolic diseases

Abstract

Purpose of review To discuss recent evidence from observational and intervention studies on the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and metabolic disease. Recent findings Observational studies have consistently demonstrated a modest inverse association between the intake of fruit and leafy green vegetables, but not total vegetables, and biomarkers of metabolic disease as well as incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is in contrast to limited evidence from recently published randomized controlled dietary intervention trials, which – in sum - suggest little to no impact of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on biomarkers of metabolic disease. Summary Evidence from observational studies that fruit and leafy green vegetable intake is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk and better metabolic health could not be confirmed by dietary intervention trials. It is unclear whether this discrepancy is due to limitations inherent in observational studies (e.g., subjective dietary assessment methods, residual confounding), or due to limitations in the few available intervention studies (e.g., short duration of follow-up, interventions combining whole fruit and fruit juice, or lack of compliance). Future studies that attempt to address these limitations are needed to provide more conclusive insight into the impact of fruit and vegetable consumption on metabolic health.

Chronic Stress Contributes to Osteosarcopenic Adiposity via Inflammation and Immune Modulation: The Case for More Precise Nutritional Investigation

“…On the other hand, fructose has a lower glycemic index than sucrose (or glucose alone), which might lower some of the post-prandial stress responses of the high sugar diet [111]. Furthermore, fructose is present in fresh fruit and therefore would be considered part of a healthy diet; it even seems higher fruit consumption is associated with a reduced risk for type 2 diabetes [112]. It is possible that excess fructose consumption (not from fruit), contributes to negative metabolic effects when it is a component of an overall unhealthy lifestyle, or metabolic dysfunction is already present.…”

Antidiabetic Properties of Curcumin I: Evidence from In Vitro Studies

“…Epidemiological studies have suggested that diets high in fruits and vegetables help regulate body weight (obesity) and protect against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes [15][16][17]. However, it is difficult to determine the exact role of individual food components in disease prevention.…”

Antidiabetic Properties of Naringenin: A Citrus Fruit Polyphenol

“…Epidemiological studies have suggested that diets high in fruits and vegetables help regulate body weight and protect against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes [16,17,18]. However, the role the individual components of these foods play in disease prevention and treatment is difficult to determine.…”