Prevention of Patulin Toxicity on Rumen Microbial Fermentation by SH-Containing Reducing Agents

Abstract

Patulin, a toxic fungal metabolite, negatively affects rumen fermentation. This mycotoxin has also been associated with intoxication cases in cattle. This study investigates the use of SH-containing reducing compounds to prevent patulin's negative effects on the rumen microbial ecosystem. The effect of 50 microg/mL patulin on the fermentation of alfalfa hay was measured in batch cultures with and without reducing agents. Sulfhydryl-containing cysteine and glutathione prevented the negative effects of the toxin on dry matter degradation, gas, and volatile fatty acid production (P < 0.01). However, non-sulfhydryl-containing ascorbic and ferulic acids did not protect against patulin's toxicity (P > 0.01). Patulin was unstable in buffered rumen fluid as the concentration decreased by half after 4 h of incubation. In the presence of sulfhydryl groups, the toxin disappeared rapidly and was not detected after 1 h of incubation. The utilization of sulfhydryl-containing compounds such as cysteine to avert patulin toxicity could have practical implications in ruminant nutrition.

Comparative metabolomic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the degradation of patulin using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…5d). This finding was in agreement with the report that glutathione is a scavenger of patulin and can reduce the toxicity of patulin towards rumen fermentation (Morgavi et al 2003). It has been reported that S. cerevisiae is highly tolerant to oxidative stress (Jamieson 1998).…”

Repeated acidosis challenges and live yeast supplementation shape rumen microbiota and fermentations and modulate inflammatory status in sheep

“…Total lactic acid concentration was assessed in rumen fluid using an enzymatic commercial kit (ENZY + DL Lactic acid, EZA891 + , Biocontrol, Lyon, France) in a 96-well microtitre spectrophotometer. VFA analyses were performed as previously described (Morgavi et al, 2003) on a gas chromatograph CP9002 (Chrompack) and using crotonic acid as internal standard.…”

Mycotoxins in cattle feeds and carry-over to dairy milk: A review

“…Seeling, Dänicke, et al (2006) describe, for example, an increased crude protein degradation and a lower molar percentage of propionate in the rumen when Fusarium-contaminated wheat was fed to dairy cows. Certain mycotoxins such as, for example, patulin affect the rumen fermentation (Morgavi et al 2003) and decrease acetic acid production and protein synthesis (Escoula 1992).…”