Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by Early Treatment

Shalev, Arieh Y.; Ankri, Yael; Israeli-Shalev, Yossi; Peleg, Tamar; Adessky, Rhonda; Freedman, Sara

doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.127

Cited by 238 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Two longitudinal studies included early interventions. The Jerusalem Trauma Outreach and Prevention Study (JTOPS) had 296 out of 1996 participants randomly assigned to treatment groups that included cognitive behavioural therapy, escitalopram, and placebo (Shalev et al, 2012). The Amsterdam oxytocin study (van Zuiden et al, 2017) evaluated the preventive effect of oxytocin, and data included in the ICPP consisted of that study’s placebo group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emergency departments in the USA, for example, evaluate over 30 million individuals with traumatic injuries every year (Bergen and National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), 2008; Bonnie, Fulco, and Liverman, 1999; Cougle, Kiplatrick, and Resnick, 2012; Kilpatrick et al, 2013; McCaig, 1994; National Center for Injury Prevention, 2012; Rice, MacKenzie, Jones, and Associates, 1989); the prevalence of PTSD following acute care admissions is similar to that seen in survivors who are not brought to medical attention (Ameratunga, Tin, Coverdale, Connor, & Norton, 2009; Golding, 1999; Lipsky, Field, Caetano, & Larkin, 2005). PTSD longitudinal trajectories stabilize at 9–12 months after trauma exposure (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), with symptoms at 9 and 12 months equally predicting symptoms at 2 and 6 years (Bryant, O’Donnell, Creamer, McFarlane, & Silove, 2013; Shalev et al, 2012; Shalev, Ankri, Peleg, Israeli-Shalev, & Freedman, 2011). Studying PTSD in acute care settings provides an opportunity to follow exposed individuals early on after traumatic events and therefore offers valuable longitudinal information difficult to obtain elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) is an effort sponsored by the US National Institute of Mental Health to create a consortium of principal investigators of published and unpublished longitudinal PTSD studies (Bonne et al, 2001; Bryant, Creamer, O’Donnell, Silove, & McFarlane, 2008; deRoon-Cassini, Mancini, Rusch, & Bonanno, 2010; Hepp et al, 2008; Irish et al, 2008; Jenewein, Wittmann, Moergeli, Creutzig, & Schnyder, 2009; Matsuoka et al, 2009a; Mouthaan et al, 2014; Shalev et al, 2012, 2000, 2008; van Zuiden et al, 2017), combine their individual- and item-level data towards carrying out a pooled secondary analysis, and synthesize information about the predictors of PTSD. The ICPP’s goal is to pool and harmonize extant data sets so as to inform PTSD pathogenesis and prediction across trauma types, severity, geography, and clinical circumstances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Application of data pooling to longitudinal studies of early post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) project

Ratanatharathorn

Gevonden

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Understanding the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a precondition for efficient risk assessment and prevention planning. Studies to date have been site and sample specific. Towards developing generalizable models of PTSD development and prediction, the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) compiled data from 13 longitudinal, acute-care based PTSD studies performed in six different countries.Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe the ICPP’s approach to data pooling and harmonization, and present cross-study descriptive results informing the longitudinal course of PTSD after acute trauma.Methods: Item-level data from 13 longitudinal studies of adult civilian trauma survivors were collected. Constructs (e.g. PTSD, depression), measures (questions or scales), and time variables (days from trauma) were identified and harmonized, and those with inconsistent coding (e.g. education, lifetime trauma exposure) were recoded. Administered in 11 studies, the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) emerged as the main measure of PTSD diagnosis and severity.Results: The pooled data set included 6254 subjects (39.9% female). Studies’ average retention rate was 87.0% (range 49.1–93.5%). Participants’ baseline assessments took place within 2 months of trauma exposure. Follow-up durations ranged from 188 to 1110 days. Reflecting studies’ inclusion criteria, the prevalence of baseline PTSD differed significantly between studies (range 3.1–61.6%), and similar differences were observed in subsequent assessments (4.3–38.2% and 3.8–27.0% for second and third assessments, respectively).Conclusion: Pooling data from independently collected studies requires careful curation of individual data sets for extracting and optimizing informative commonalities. However, it is an important step towards developing robust and generalizable prediction models for PTSD and can exceed findings of single studies. The large differences in prevalence of PTSD longitudinally cautions against using any individual study to infer trauma outcome. The multiplicity of instruments used in individual studies emphasizes the need for common data elements in future studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Application of data pooling to longitudinal studies of early post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) project

Ratanatharathorn

Gevonden

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Experience from a previous large early intervention study (Shalev et al, 2012, 2011) informed many of our choices in this work. To facilitate the enrolment of participants at substantial risk of PTSD, we opted to employ skilled clinicians, thoroughly trained in the specific evaluation procedures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacological interventions that target the acquisition and extinction of fear responses have generally failed to prevent PTSD (Cohen et al, 2011; Hoge et al, 2012; Pitman et al, 2002; Stein, Kerridge, Dimsdale, & Hoyt, 2007). Early cognitive behavioural interventions, although often effective (Roberts, Kitchiner, Kenardy, & Bisson, 2010), do not reach many symptomatic survivors (Hoge et al, 2004; Shalev et al, 2012, 2011), are costly, and are difficult to carry out in trauma-affected areas such as war and disaster zones. Devising novel interventions to prevent PTSD is a major public health need (Berg et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating web-based cognitive-affective remediation in recent trauma survivors: study rationale and protocol

Fine

Achituv

Etkin

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: The immediate aftermath of traumatic events is a period of enhanced neural plasticity, following which some survivors remain with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others recover. Evidence points to impairments in emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, and broader executive functions as critically contributing to PTSD. Emerging evidence further suggests that the neural mechanisms underlying these functions remain plastic in adulthood and that targeted retraining of these systems may enhance their efficiency and could reduce the likelihood of developing PTSD. Administering targeted neurocognitive training shortly after trauma exposure is a daunting challenge. This work describes a study design addressing that challenge. The study evaluated the direct effects of cognitive remediation training on neurocognitive mechanisms that hypothetically underlay PTSD, and the indirect effect of this intervention on emerging PTSD symptoms. Method: We describe a study rationale, design, and methodological choices involving: (a) participants’ enrolment; (b) implementation and management of a daily self-administered, web-based intervention; (c) reliable, timely screening and assessment of treatment of eligible survivors; and (d) defining control conditions and outcome measures. We outline the rationale of choices made regarding study sample, timing of intervention, measurements, monitoring participants’ adherence, and ways to harmonize and retain interviewers’ fidelity and mitigate eventual burnout by repeated contacts with recently traumatized survivors. Conclusion: Early web-based interventions targeting causative mechanisms of PTSD can be informed by the model presented in this paper.

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Understanding the Emergence of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Through Acute Stress Symptom Networks

et al. 2017

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To accelerate recovery after traumatic events and prevent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is critical to understand the dynamic interplay of acute stress symptoms and how they develop over time into chronic PTSD. Bryant et al 1 examined relationships among PTSD symptoms during the acute posttrauma period using network analyses. They concluded that symptoms highly central to the acute symptom network, such as intrusive trauma memories, may be especially important to the development of chronic PTSD. We tested this prediction by examining whether acute symptoms identified as highly central by Bryant et al 1 were stronger predictors of subsequent PTSD than were low centrality symptoms in an independent sample of assault survivors. We then extended the findings by examining paths by which acute symptoms may relate to chronic PTSD.

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Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by Early Treatment

Cited by 238 publications

References 38 publications

Application of data pooling to longitudinal studies of early post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) project

Application of data pooling to longitudinal studies of early post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) project

Evaluating web-based cognitive-affective remediation in recent trauma survivors: study rationale and protocol

Understanding the Emergence of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Through Acute Stress Symptom Networks

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