Prevention of Sporulation of Bovine Coccidia by the Ensiling of a Manure-Blended Diet

Farquhar, Andrew S.; Anthony, W. S.; Ernst, John V.

doi:10.2527/jas1979.4951331x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The effect of volatile fatty acids in the digestor might not significantly influence oocyst survival. Farquhar et al (8) studied the prevention of sporulation of bovine coccidia Eimeria bovis by ensiling a manure-blended diet. They found that oocyst survival declined with higher ensiling temperatures and prolonged incubation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Loading (g of VS/liter 11.7 (6) (6) NH3-N (mg/liter) 4,091 ± 165 (8) 4525 ± 248 (6) VS reduction (%) 48.5 ± 1.9 (5) 53. wall; 3, large amounts of blood or cecal cores present, cecal walls greatly thickened, and absence of normal fecal contents in the ceca; 4, very severe coccidial infection characterized by cecal swelling and bleeding. Dead birds were scored as 4.…”

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Effect of anaerobic digestion on oocysts of the protozoan Eimeria tenella

Lee

Shih

1988

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The effect of anaerobic digestion of poultry waste on oocysts of the protozoan Eimeria tenella, a common enteric pathogen that causes coccidiosis in poultry, was investigated in this study. Thermophilic (50°C) and mesophilic (35°C) anaerobic digestors, with poultry manure as the substrate, were inoculated with the oocysts. The oocysts were damaged during anaerobic digestion, as determined by morphological change and loss of their ability to sporulate. The recovered oocysts were tested for their infectivity in young chicks, as measured by body weight gain, mortality, and cecal lesions. Oocysts lost all their infectivity during thermophilic digestion, while oocysts subjected to mesophilic digestion remained moderately infective in comparison with untreated oocysts, which produced severe coccidiosis, high mortality, and low body weight gain in chicks. Oocysts were inactivated at 50°C when they were suspended in digestor fluid or saline. Inactivation at 35°C was significantly stronger in the digestor fluid than in the saline, which implied that factors other than temperature were involved in the lethal effect of anaerobic digestion on protozoan oocysts. In this study we demonstrated that the treatment of animal waste by anaerobic digestion, especially at a thermophilic temperature, has the benefits of pathogen control and protection of human and animal health in a farm environment.

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Effect of anaerobic digestion on oocysts of the protozoan Eimeria tenella

Lee

Shih

1988

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The other cattle parasites, e.g., Ostertagia ostertagi , Trichostrongylus spp., Nematodirus spp., Cooperia spp., and the other strongyloid parasites, are not as resistant to environmental extremes as are the eggs of Ascaris (Mentz et al, 2004). Also, although the protozoan pathogens of the genus Eimeria are fairly resistant to environmental extremes, it is believed that they will die in most systems faster than the eggs of ascaridoid nematodes (Farquhar et al, 1979). Also, it has been shown that in most systems the oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum are less resistant than the eggs of A. suum (Kato et al, 2003).…”

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Inactivation of Ascaris suum in a Biodrying Compost System

Collick

Inglis

Wright³

et al. 2007

J of Env Quality

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Pathogen contamination of waterways is a serious concern in dairy farming areas where livestock waste is applied to agricultural fields. As an alternative, a biodrying composting system dries collected livestock waste, reduces the strong odors, and has been proposed as a means of reducing, and even eliminating pathogens present in the waste. Therefore, the survival of pathogens in a biodrying composting system was investigated. Dairy farm livestock waste was piled in a biodrying storage shed where forced aeration and natural decomposition processes heated a major portion of the waste pile to temperatures exceeding 55 degrees C. Ascaris suum eggs were used as the surrogate species and inoculated into special chambers and placed at three different elevations at different intervals along the length of the pile. Control chambers were stored in water at 4 degrees C in the laboratory. Both compost and control chambers were removed at Day 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20. The eggs were extracted from the chamber medium and analyzed for viability. No viable eggs were recovered from any of the chambers removed from the compost pile, while >or=90% viability was observed in the control chambers. High temperatures and continued drying were the major contributing factors to the inactivation of the helminth eggs. The complete inactivation of A. suum eggs by the biodrying process encourages the storage and treatment of manure to high temperatures and reduced moisture conditions before field spreading to reduce the risk of harmful pathogens contaminating waterways and potential drinking water supplies.

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