Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: is it feasible?

Abstract

The increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires the implementation of preventive strategies to halt this trend, tailored to the specific needs of individual regions. Risk factors for T2DM are among the main targets for improving health outcomes and curbing the development of diabetes; excessive weight and obesity are two of the most important risk factors that need to be addressed. A growing body of evidence suggests that subjects with pre-diabetes who lose body weight and increase physical activity can delay or prevent the onset of T2DM, and in some cases, blood glucose levels may return to normal. Several studies have shown that moderate to intensive levels of exercise are effective in reducing both intra-abdominal and total adiposity among obese subjects, both improving cardiovascular risk profile and reducing the risk of T2DM development. These consistent observations have given rise to large-scale randomized controlled trials that use lifestyle intervention (including behavioural strategies for the reinforcement of prescribed changes in nutritional intake, physical activity or both), with or without pharmacological treatment, in populations at high risk of developing T2DM. In this review, large-scale national trials that have focused on the prevention of T2DM are critically evaluated.

Metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Is insulin resistance the link?

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Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT 1 (PIAS1) Protects Against Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting Inflammation Cascade in Adipose Tissue

“…During the last 3 decades, the number of adults with diabetes has doubled, rising from 153 million in 1980 to ;366 million in 2011 (2,3). T2DM is associated with hyperglycemia, which results from insulin resistance mainly in peripheral tissues (4).…”

Resveratrol: A miraculous natural compound for diseases treatment

“…Besides, insulin resistance in adipocytes, hepatocytes, and muscle cells is still complicating issue. In this context, animal studies provided evidence that RSV as a natural compound has beneficial effects on both mechanisms in these tissues and pancreatic β‐cells (Jiang et al., 2013; Palermo, Maggi, Maurizi, Pozzilli, & Buzzetti, 2014). Although the effects of resveratrol on the inflammatory responses have been investigated in different models, this function of resveratrol in skeletal muscle cells remains unknown.…”