Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 for Neural Injury During Cerebral Infarction in Rats

Abstract

To examine the preventive and therapeutic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 for neural injury during cerebral infarction, we used a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 with Edaravone as a control. Ginsenoside Rb1 was given to the rats by intragastric administration either before or after the MCAO surgery to study its preventive and therapeutic effects. Ginsenoside Rb1-treated rats had a smaller infarct volume than the positive control. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), neurofilament (NF) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) were measured to determine brain damage and the recovery of nerves. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 has neuroprotective effects in rats, and the protection efficiency is higher than Edaravone. The protective mechanism is different from Edaravone. The preventive ability of ginsenoside Rb1 is higher than its repair ability in neuroprotection in vivo.

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm through inactivation of the JNK and p38 signaling pathways

“…However, both the anti-apoptotic and antiproliferative capacities of ginsenoside Rb1 on different cell types under diverse pathological conditions were reported previously. For instance, ginsenoside Rb1 reduced ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and neurocytes [39,40], while the anticancer property of ginsenoside Rb1 was exhibited through its inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation [41]. Li et al [42] demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited FBS-induced proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells.…”

Ginsenoside-Rb1 for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

“…Through reading the full text of the remaining 541 articles, 513 studies were further removed with at least one of reasons as follows: (1) not in vivo studies; (2) not focal cerebral ischemia; (3) not G-Rb1 intervention or combined with other treatment. Eventually, we included 28 studies (Zhang et al, 1998;Tao, 2004;Li et al, 2005;Ren, 2005;Fan, 2006;Zhang et al, 2006;Yoshikawa et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2010;Lu, 2010;Lu et al, 2011;Lv, 2011;Zhu et al, 2012;Jiang et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2014;Zeng et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015;Dai et al, 2016;He et al, 2016;Lv et al, 2016;Dong et al, 2017;Gao, 2017;Li et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2018;Sun and Xiu, 2018;Shi et al, 2019) in the final analysis. The process of screening is summarized in a flow diagram ( Figure 2).…”

“…Twelve studies were published in English and the remainder in Chinese. The animal species included Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (Tao, 2004;Li et al, 2005;Ren, 2005;Fan, 2006;Lu, 2010;Lu et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2012;Jiang et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2014;Dai et al, 2016;He et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018;Sun and Xiu, 2018;Xu et al, 2018;Shi et al, 2019), Wistar rats (Gao et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2018), stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) (Zhang et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 2006), C57BL/6 mice (Zeng et al, 2014;Lv et al, 2016;Dong et al, 2017;Gao, 2017), BALB/c mice (Lv, 2011), Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (Chen et al, 2015) and Cynomolgus monkeys (Yoshikawa et al, 2008). Chloral hydrate was used in 18 studies (Tao, 2004;Li et al, 2005;Ren, 2005;Fan, 2006;Lu, 2010;Lu et al, 2011;Lv, 2011;Jiang et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2014;Dai et al, 2016;He et al, 2016;…”

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates activated microglia-induced neuronal damage

“…Previous studies have found that ginsenoside Rb1/Rg1 can alleviate impairments in learning and memory, and regulate the cholinergic system in a variety of experimental animal models. In addition, ginsenoside Rb1/Rg1 exerts a protective effect on dopamine neurons by reducing the stress response induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine, and also alleviates tau hyperphosphorylation through regulation of the activities of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and protein phosphatase 2A[404142434445464748]. The present study demonstrates the protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on the damage to cerebral cortical neurons in rats mediated by hypoxia-activated microglia.…”