Preventive Conservation Research and Practice at the British Museum

Bradley, Susan

doi:10.1179/019713605806082248

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Bynesian decay is the result of volatile acids, mainly acetic and formic acids, reacting with the calcium carbonate of shells and other carbonatic materials, such as some fossils. These acids result from the decomposition of wood and other components of the collection's storage media, such as paper, cardboard, cabinets, cases, drawers, and paints and varnishes (Tennent and Baird 1985, Bradley 2005, Sturm 2006. Acetic acid is formed naturally by the hydrolysis of the acetyl groups of the wood's hemicellulose, while formaldehyde (the precursor of formic acid) is originated by degradation of lignin or urea-formaldehyde based resins, commonly employed as adhesive in composite wood (Berndt 1987, Bradley 2005.…”

Section: Physicochemical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malacological collections, i.e., those containing molluscan shells, are of major concern, for the specimens are composed largely of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), a compound that can deteriorate in the presence of acidic vapors (Sturm 2006). However, any other carbonatic specimens may also be damaged by acids: eggshells, carbonatic fossils, carbonatic minerals, rocks, and even archeological and historical art objects (Nicholls 1934, Tennent and Baird 1985, Shelton 1996, Ryhl-Svendsen 2001, Bradley 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dangers to malacological collections: Bynesian decay and pyrite decay

2014

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Specimen deterioration in museum collections and exhibits is a recurring worry of curators. Malacological collections, i.e., those containing mollusk shells, are of special concern, because these specimens are composed largely of calcium carbonate, a compound that easily deteriorates in acidic storage media. There are two main problems related to the presence of volatile acids in collections: Bynesian decay and pyrite decay. In Bynesian decay, acetic and formic acids, among others, are released by the materials used to store the collection: wood, varnishes, resins, paper, cardboard, and other storage materials. Under high relative humidity and inappropriate temperature, the acids react with the shells' carbonate, yielding salts and carbon dioxide. Pyrite decay is similar in appearance: fossil specimens may contain pyrite (FeS2), which in high relative humidity is oxidized, yielding sulfuric acid and other products. This acid corrodes other shells, including carbonatic fossils. The damage caused is irreversible, but there are methods to avoid or mitigate it. The collection should be kept in conditions of low relative humidity (45–50%) and appropriate temperature range (16–21°C). The use of archival materials, such as steel drawers and cabinets with electrostatic coating, is mandatory. Specimens containing reactive pyrite must be kept in archival-quality plastic containers or closed glass containers. Damaged specimens must be immediately removed and only returned to the collection after proper cleaning.

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Section: Physicochemical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dangers to malacological collections: Bynesian decay and pyrite decay

2014

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“…For example, reduced sulfur gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) are known to be quite harmful to some artifacts because it creates tarnish on the surface of silver, black sulfides on copper alloy objects, and blackens white lead pigments [1]. For example, reduced sulfur gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) are known to be quite harmful to some artifacts because it creates tarnish on the surface of silver, black sulfides on copper alloy objects, and blackens white lead pigments [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanoparticle Films as Sulfide Gas Sensors in Oddy Tests

et al. 2007

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The preparation and performance of a silver nanoparticle-based sensor for use in Oddy tests are reported. A suspension of spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (mean diameter of 30 nm, absorption of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 428 nm) in methanol was synthesized and the Ag NPs were assembled into monolayer films on glass slides, using polyethylenimine as a linking agent. UV-Vis spectrophotometry was employed to measure the SPR intensity of the Ag NP films in order to evaluate the extent of reaction. It was observed that the Ag NP films were quite stable under Oddy test conditions in a blank test, after a brief alteration of the spectrum due to particle dispersal, with no significant decrease in the SPR intensity after 1.5 months at 60°C and 100% RH. The sensitivity of Ag NP films to sulfide gases emitted from a test wool fabric in the Oddy test was investigated. UV-Vis spectra taken after the Oddy tests showed the disappearance of the Ag NP SPR peak and the growth of the UV absorption due to Ag 2 S. Elemental analysis with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirmed that sulfur had been incorporated into the Ag NP film. Ag NP assemblies of lower NP density were created that indicated the presence of sulfide gases prior to significant tarnishing of a Ag foil. The results demonstrate that the Ag NP films can be used as sensitive, quantitative optical sensors to replace Ag foils in the Oddy test system.

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“…Embora para muitos autores a ação do formaldeído seja menos preocupante do que a dos ácidos acético e fórmico SVENSSON, 2007;TÉTREAULT et al, 2003;BRADLEY, S.;TICKET, 2010], Eremin [EREMIN, 2009] encontrou correlação entre a corrosão de Pb e a concentração de formaldeído, sugerindo que formaldeído é tão agressivo quanto, ou mais agressivo que, o ácido acético. Eremin ainda menciona que a umidade relativa nas galerias que estudou e que possuem objetos afetados é normalmente de 20 a 45% e enfatiza a questão da composição química do metal (composição da liga) na susceptibilidade à corrosão.…”

Section: Conclusões E Consideraçõesunclassified

“…Dessa maneira, Tarsila do Amaral teve papel decisivo no modernismo brasileiro. Outras informações bibliográficas, assim como o catálogo de obras da artista, estão disponíveis na internet [www.tarsiladoamaral.com.br].Como já enfatizado, a intervenção das ciências exatas na arqueologia e nas artes possibilita uma análise mais criteriosa na autenticidade de obrasBENOY, 2007], na conservação preventiva[FLEMING, 1986;BRADLEY; TICKET, 2010;THICKETT;LEE, 2004;BRADLEY, 2005] e na restauração das mesmas [iii], sendo que o uso da espectroscopia Raman como ferramenta analítica tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos [VANDENABEELE; EDWARDS, 2006].Nos estudos tanto de conservação preventiva quanto de análise forense e restauração há, principalmente, um elevado interesse no uso de técnicas que não sejam destrutivas ou , visto o elevado valor agregado aos bens analisados. Além disso, é de interesse que a técnica apresente uma seletividade criteriosa permitindo a identificação dos componentes que constituem a obra, visto que frequentemente a mesma apresenta misturas de pigmentos para gerar uma única cor.A Tabela 2[CLARK, 1995] mostra vantagens e desvantagens de algumas técnicas comumente utilizadas em investigações de bens culturais.…”

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Investigação de efeitos sinérgicos na degradação de bens culturais: papel de íons metálicos na degradação de gorduras e na geração de formiatos

Puglieri¹

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In nv ve es st ti ig ga aç çã ão o d de e e ef fe ei it to os s s si in né ér rg gi ic co os s n na a d de eg gr ra ad da aç çã ão o d de e b be en ns s c cu ul lt tu ur ra ai is s: : p pa ap pe el l d de e í ío on ns s m me et tá ál li ic co os s n na a d de eg gr ra ad da aç çã ão o d de e A AG GR RA AD DE EC CI IM ME EN NT TO OS S Agradeço primeiramente aos meus pais pelo apoio frequente nas mais diversas situações e a todos demais familiares (tios, tias, primos e avós). À minha excelente orientadora por toda atenção, disposição e dedicação no desenvolvimento da minha formação. Aos integrantes (professores, alunos de pós-graduação e iniciação científica, técnicos e demais funcionários) do Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular e do Laboratório LEDA (USP Zona Leste) por todo apoio e companhia. Aos funcionários da Secretaria de Pós-Graduação e da Central Analítica do Instituto de Química da USP. A Ricardo Ribenboim pela disponibilidade do desenho de suposta autoria de Tarsila do Amaral e à Tarsila do Amaral (sobrinha neta de Tarsila do Amaral) pela cessão de desenhos originais da artista.

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Preventive Conservation Research and Practice at the British Museum

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

Dangers to malacological collections: Bynesian decay and pyrite decay

Dangers to malacological collections: Bynesian decay and pyrite decay

Silver Nanoparticle Films as Sulfide Gas Sensors in Oddy Tests

Investigação de efeitos sinérgicos na degradação de bens culturais: papel de íons metálicos na degradação de gorduras e na geração de formiatos

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