Preventive Effect of <scp>A</scp>merican Ginseng Against Premature Ovarian Failure in a Rat Model

Ge, Pengfei; Xing, Nannan; Ren, Yanhai; Zhu, Lei; Han, Dongyang; Kuang, Hai‐Xue; Li, Ji

doi:10.1002/ddr.21234

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Both studies have demonstrated a decrease in circulating 17b-estradiol and an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 30 days after 4-VCD treatment. The dose of 4-VCD administration and the time post-treatment evaluated in these studies were quite different from ours [37,38], which could explain the different results. The study conducted by Reis et al [15] considered the periestropause period (analogous to perimenopause in women) around to 80 days after the beginning of 4-VCD treatment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…The effectiveness of 4-VCD administration in the VCD and VCD + DEX groups was consistent with previous studies demonstrating a reduction in the ovary weight 30 days after the completion of 4-VCD administration in adult rats (80 mg/kg, b. w., i.p.) [37,38]. Both studies have demonstrated a decrease in circulating 17b-estradiol and an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 30 days after 4-VCD treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose homeostasis in rats treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide is not worsened by dexamethasone treatment

Battiston

Santos

Barbosa

et al. 2017

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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4-vinilcyclohexene diepoxide (4-VCD) causes premature ovarian failure and may result in estrogen deficiency, characterizing the transition to estropause in rodents (equivalent to menopause in women). Estropause/menopause is associated with metabolic derangements such as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to exert diabetogenic effects. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether rats with premature ovarian failure are more prone to the diabetogenic effects of GC. For this, immature female rats received daily injections of 4-VCD [160mg/kg body weight (b.w.), intraperitoneally (i.p.)] for 15 consecutive days, whereas control rats received vehicle. After 168days of the completion of 4-VCD administration, rats were divided into 4 groups: CTL-received daily injections of saline (1mL/kg, b.w., i.p.) for 5days; DEX-received daily injections of dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.w., i.p.) for 5days; VCD-treated as CTL group; VCD+DEX-treated as DEX group. Experiments and euthanasia occurred one day after the last dexamethasone injection. 4-VCD-treated rats exhibited ovary hypotrophy and reduced number of preantral follicles (p<0.05). Premature ovarian failure had no impact on the body weight gain or food intake, but both were reduced by the effects of dexamethasone. The increase in blood glucose, plasma insulin and triacylglycerol levels as well as the reduction in insulin sensitivity caused by dexamethasone treatment was not exacerbated in the VCD+DEX group of rats. Premature ovarian failure did change neither the hepatic content of glycogen and triacylglycerol nor the glycerol release from perigonadal adipose tissue. Glucose intolerance was observed in the VCD group after an ipGTT (p<0.05), but not after an oral glucose challenge. Glucose intolerance and compensatory pancreatic β-cell mass caused by GC were not modified by ovarian failure in the VCD+DEX group. We conclude that reduced ovarian function has no major implications on the diabetogenic effects promoted by GC treatment, indicating that other factors related to aging may make rats more vulnerable to GC side effects on glucose metabolism.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose homeostasis in rats treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide is not worsened by dexamethasone treatment

Battiston

Santos

Barbosa

et al. 2017

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…8C). While these three types of biochemical measurements were combined, PCA and heatmap results (Figs 7D and 8D) showed that the model group was separated from both the control and AG-administrated irradiated groups, indicating that American ginseng had the radioprotection effects due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties and the modulation of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) system 56,57 . However, the radioprotection effects varied among different cultivation regions of AGs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality evaluation of Panax quinquefolium from different cultivation regions based on their ginsenoside content and radioprotective effects on irradiated mice

Liao

Jia

Sun

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Ginsenosides are one of major types of bioactive compounds in American ginseng (AG) and utilized to assess the quality of various AG samples. The contents of ginsenosides showed cultivation region-related variation, which is possibly associated with AG’s pharmacological effect difference. Therefore, to reveal the quality difference of AGs in different cultivation regions, AG samples from seven cultivation regions were evaluated via analyzing their contents of nine ginsenosides and the biochemical parameters in AG-treated irradiated mice. Pre-administration of AG decoctions could reversely modulate the irradiation-induced changes of antioxidant enzymatic activity, cytokine level and hormone level in irradiated mice, which demonstrated that AG had the radioprotective effects due to its antioxidative, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, this radioprotection effect varied among different cultivation regions of AGs. Collectively, Beijing and Canada-cultivated AGs had the best radioprotection. Heilongjiang and Jilin-originated AGs had the similar pharmacological effects while USA, Shandong and Shaanxi-grown AGs had closer pharmacological effects. This biochemical measurements-based PCA and heatmap clustering of AGs from seven cultivation regions was nearly consistent with ginsencoside content- and the previous serum metabolome-based analyses. However, the pearson correlation analysis revealed that only Rb3 and Rd were significantly correlated with some of assayed biochemical parameters in irradiated mice pretreated with different cultivation regions of AG extracts.

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“…VCD specifically causes gradual apoptotic cell death of primordial and primary follicles resulting in induced ovarian failure without evidence of systemic toxicity, resulting in an endocrine state that closely mimics the natural modeling the transition to menopause in women. 9…”

Section: Chemical Induction Of Ovarian Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rats are considered acyclic with persistent diestrus phase, which is dominated by leukocytes, while control animals showed regular estrous cycles. 9…”

Section: Vaginal Smearmentioning

confidence: 99%

New treatment paradigm of combined raloxifene and conjugated estrogen for postmenopausal symptoms in VCD-induced menopausal rats

Emam

Gheit

2017

Alexandria Journal of Medicine

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Introduction: The decreased ovarian estrogen production that occurs at menopause, results in osteoporosis and climacteric manifestations, and decreases women's quality of life. The hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the primary treatment options but has been associated with increased oncogenic potential. The tissue selective estrogen complex (TSEC) is a novel therapy, partnering a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with one or more estrogens. Aim: Our study was done to evaluate the potential relative estrogenic agonist activities of a SERM, raloxifene (RLX), when dosed alone and its antagonist activities when paired with conjugated estrogen (CE), as a TSEC and its potential use for the postmenopausal osteoporosis, vulvar/vaginal atrophy (VVA) in VCD induced menopausal rat model. Material and methods: Female rats were dosed daily with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) (80 mg/kg/d, IP) for 15 days to induce ovarian failure, followed by one month free drug. VCD injected rats received 12 weeks of RLX, CE, or combined RLX/CE with 17b-estradiol (E2), vehicle treated groups used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The bone turnover markers (BTM) were measured. The uterotropic activity was assessed by the uterine index and peroxidase assay. Vaginal wet weight (wt.) and glycogen were measured to evaluate the vaginotropic effects. Uterine and vaginal (ER) protein levels were assayed. Results: Our findings showed that the appropriate RLX/CE dose combination exhibits significant bone sparing with minimal vaginal stimulation and neutral uterine effect. Conclusion: We can conclude that appropriate RLX/CE combination could effectively be a promising alternative for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and VVA with no oncogenic risk.

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Preventive Effect of American Ginseng Against Premature Ovarian Failure in a Rat Model

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Glucose homeostasis in rats treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide is not worsened by dexamethasone treatment

Glucose homeostasis in rats treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide is not worsened by dexamethasone treatment

Quality evaluation of Panax quinquefolium from different cultivation regions based on their ginsenoside content and radioprotective effects on irradiated mice

New treatment paradigm of combined raloxifene and conjugated estrogen for postmenopausal symptoms in VCD-induced menopausal rats

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