Preventive effect of small‐leaved Kuding tea (Ligustrum robustum) on high‐diet‐induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice

Abstract

Small‐leaved Kuding tea (SLKDT; Ligustrum robustum) is a traditional Chinese tea. We systematically investigated the effect of SLKDT extract on obesity. SLKDT‐controlled weight gain in mice fed a high‐fat diet. Tissue specimen results showed that the SLKDT extract alleviated liver damage and fat accumulation. Meanwhile, SLKDT extract improved dyslipidemia by decreasing total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increasing high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Furthermore, SLKDT extract reduced alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase levels in the serum and liver tissues; decreased inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, and IL‐6; and increased the anti‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐4 and IL‐10. The quantitative PCR results showed that SLKDT extract upregulated the mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α, lipoprotein lipase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase and downregulated PPAR‐γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐alpha mRNA expressions in the obese mouse livers to reduce adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, promote fat oxidation, and improve dyslipidemia, thereby inhibiting the immune response and alleviating liver injury. SLKDT shows a potential for preventing obesity and regulating obesity‐related syndrome, so it is possible to be further developed as a novel treatment for fighting obesity.

Determination of Polyphenols in Ilex kudingcha and Insect Tea (Leaves Altered by Animals) by Ultra-high-performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) and Comparison of Their Anti-Aging Effects

“…As one of the most abundant and functional polyphenols in human diets and drinks, the intake of chlorogenic acid is negatively related to the risk of metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases ( Lu et al, 2020 ), it has pharmacological effects such as strong antioxidant effects, lowering blood pressure and blood lipids, protecting liver and gallbladder, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effect ( Xia et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2019). The results of the current study show that chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid were present in higher quantities and as the main anti-oxidant components in IKDCP, which matched the finding of a previous report ( Wu, et al, 2020 ). However, the Caffeic acid , isochlorogenic acids A, isochlorogenic acids B , and isochlorogenic acids C were prominent in ITP.…”

“…The heart, liver, skin, spleen, and kidney were gathered for subsequent experiments. The heart, liver, spleen, and kidney tissue was weighed, and the organ index was calculated by the formula: organ index (%) organ mass (g)/mouse body mass (g) × 100 (Wu et al, 2020;Li et al, 2019).…”

Potential of phenolic compounds in Ligustrum robustum (Rxob.) Blume as antioxidant and lipase inhibitors: Multi‐spectroscopic methods and molecular docking

“…Meanwhile, in our previous studies, L. robustum was found to contain large amounts of phenolic compound and could inhibit the catalytic activity of some enzymes, such as amylase and glucosidase (Yu and Zeng, 2013;Yu et al, 2015). Besides, some pieces of recent evidence have found that phenolic compounds in L. robustum are beneficial for preventing metabolic syndrome, which its extract has been shown to be effective in controlling weight in obese mice (Wu et al, 2020).…”

Phenylethanoid and Phenylmethanoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Bioactivities

“…Blume (Oleaceae), classified as a food by the Chinese Ministry of Health since 2011, has been used as Ku-Ding-Cha in Southwest China [ 4 , 5 ]. In the previous investigations on L. robustum [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], more than 60 chemical constituents, including monoterpenoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, phenylmethanoid glycosides, iridoid glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, lignan glycosides, and triterpenoids, were discovered, and the antioxidative, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract, the inhibitory activities on FAS, α -glucosidase, and α -amylase, and the antioxidant effects of some constituents, were observed. To further elucidate the active components for preventing obesity and diabetes, the phytochemical and biological study on the leaves of L. robustum , which had been performed preliminarily [ 12 , 13 ], was carried out.…”