Preventive effects of combinative natural foods produced by elite crop varieties rich in anticancer effects on N‐nitrosodiethylamine‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

Abstract

The World Cancer Research Fund International has released 32 anticancer effects (ACEs) that targeted every stage of cancer processes. Thus, we designed two formulas of natural food combination Diet I and Diet II, mainly produced by elite crop varieties rich in ACEs with different mixture ratios, and evaluated their cancer preventive effects on N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis. After 20 weeks of dietary intervention, Diet I and Diet II reduced incidence, size, and number of hepatic nodules (p < 0.01) and prevented hepatic tumor formation in NDEA‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis rats. Low‐grade hepatic dysplasia incidence was 20% for Diet II and 40% for Diet I, and apparent hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) rates were both 0, while 90% HCC in control diet treatment group (p < 0.01). Diet I and Diet II ameliorated abnormal liver function enzymes, reduced serum alpha fetal protein, tumor‐specific growth factor, dickkopf‐related protein 1, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐6 levels, regulated hepatic phase I and II xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes, enhanced antioxidant capacity, suppressed NDEA‐initiated oxidative DNA damage, and induced apoptosis coupled to down‐regulation of proinflammatory, invasion, and angiogenesis markers. Daily intake of combination diet produced from ACEs‐rich elite crop varieties can effectively prevent or delay occurrence and development of NDEA‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Chemoprevention of elite tea variety CFT‐1 rich in EGCG against chemically induced liver cancer in rats

“…Zheng et al () have demonstrated that NDEA causes severe chronic inflammatory damage to the liver, thus triggering the development and progression of HCC. Akt can phosphorylate and activate the IκB kinase IKK‐α, causing degradation of IκB and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB where it promotes expression of cytokines, including TNF‐α, accelerating inflammation response (Tang et al, ).…”

“…Microsomal fractions were prepared from livers as Zheng's methods (). The contents of cytochrome b5 (Cyt b5) and cytochrome P450 (Cyt P450) were measured as previously described (Zheng et al, ).…”

“…Microsomal fractions were prepared from livers as Zheng's methods (). The contents of cytochrome b5 (Cyt b5) and cytochrome P450 (Cyt P450) were measured as previously described (Zheng et al, ). The hepatic GST and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) concentrations were measured using ELISA kits (Jiang Lai Biotechnology Co., Ltd).…”

“…Nearly, all of these genes displayed similar expression trend in both techniques (Figure 7a,b), confirming the quantitative properties of the RNA-seq analysis used in this study. Zheng et al (2018) have demonstrated that NDEA causes severe chronic inflammatory damage to the liver, thus triggering the development and progression of HCC. Akt can phosphorylate and activate the IκB kinase IKK-α, causing degradation of IκB and nuclear translocation of NF-κB where it promotes expression of cytokines, including TNF-α, accelerating inflammation response (Tang et al, 2016).…”

Application of accelerated solvent extraction coupled with online two‐dimensional countercurrent chromatography for continuous extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from Citrus limon peel

“…β-Amyloid protein (Aβ) is widely considered to play a central role in the pathogenesis of AD [21]. In this study, the AChE inhibition assay and Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) -induced PC12 cell damage were used as in vitro means to evaluate the anti-AD activity of chemical compounds from the C. limon peel extract, and the metabolism of the main active ingredients of C. limon peel in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) were evaluated by in vitro metabolism of the microsomes [22]. The main metabolites were then studied via high-resolution MS where the risk of metabolic-based drug interactions can be predicted early in the drug discovery process using in vitro methods.…”