Preventive Effects of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Extract on Bone Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract

Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and bone microarchitectural failure, leading to an enhanced risk of bone fractures. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (CC) is a natural plant with powerful antioxidant activity. This study investigated the antiosteoporotic effects of CC extracts in in vitro cell cultures and in vivo bone loss animal models. CC stimulated osteoblast differentiation and mineralized bone formation by osteoblasts by increasing the expression of bone formation markers (alkaline phosphatase, osteoprotegerin, and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator nuclear factor-κB ligand ratio) in the murine preosteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Additionally, CC was found to inhibit osteoclast differentiation by downregulating bone resorption markers (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, cathepsin K, dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein, and calcitonin receptor) in the murine macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7. CC prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss, preserved trabecular microarchitecture, and improved serum bone turnover markers in an osteoporotic mouse model. These findings suggest that CC extract may be considered as a natural therapeutic or preventive agent for osteoporotic bone loss.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Quality Flower Production of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Indicum L.)

“…In contrast, CCC may act as growth retardants and thereby inhibited biochemical processes resulting in less spreading of plants. The findings agree with those of Joshi et al [24] and Kim et al [25] in Chrysanthemum and Thu et al [26] in carnation . The variation in number of leaf production was pronounced by the application of different growth regulators.…”

“…The highest number of flower (40) was recorded with 150 ppm GA 3 , which was significantly superior to those observed by spraying 100 ppm GA 3 and 50 ppm GA 3 . Application of 800 ppm CCC produced minimum number of flowers (25) per pot, which was at par with 600 ppm CCC (27) and 400 ppm CCC (31). This was in line with the findings of Kim et al [25].…”

“…Application of 800 ppm CCC produced minimum number of flowers (25) per pot, which was at par with 600 ppm CCC (27) and 400 ppm CCC (31). This was in line with the findings of Kim et al [25]. The increase in number of flowers for GA 3 treated plants might be due to increase in number of leaves and leaf area compared to control and other treatments.…”

“…The C. indicum flower has a strong aroma and many of the previous studies focused on the essential oil of this plant [13]- [15]. Khan et al [16] observed that the plant height (54.0 to 66.0 cm); number of leaves per plant (208-240); leaf size (4.5 to 8.5 cm); plant spread (19.0 to 32.0 cm); number of branches (4 to 12); number of flowers (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40); stalk length (8.8 to 13.3 cm) and days of first flowering (55 to 70 days) varied; respectively in T 7 (100% rice husk) to T 3 (100% cocodust). The different color of leaves and flowers in chrysanthemum flower crop and also the maximum flower period was observed early December-February in germplasms.…”

Renoprotective effect of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. extract on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in mice

“…Similarly, we previously found the preventive effects of CC on bone metabolism in vitro and in vivo 9 . In addition, we recently showed that CC protects against premature senescence in vitro 10 .…”