Preventive Effects of Sesamol on Deep‐Frying Oil‐Induced Liver Metabolism Disorders by Altering Gut Microbiota and Protecting Gut Barrier Integrity

Abstract

Scope The total polar components (TPC) in the edible oil are produced during the frying process, and excessive intake of TPC may lead to metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the preventive effects of sesamol, a functional component from sesame, on suppressing TPC production, and on the deep‐frying oil (DFO)‐induced liver lipid metabolism disorders and gut homeostasis disruption. Methods and results Sesamol addition (0.2 mg mL−1) improves the quality of the soybean oil by reducing the production of TPC during the deep‐frying process (180 °C for 40 h). The diet‐induced obesity model is established by feeding mice with a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks. Either sesamol pre‐treated DFO or sesamol supplementation (0.2%, w/w) in the diet reduces the liver lipid accumulation in the obese mice by increasing lipolysis‐related genes expression. Sesamol elevates the antioxidant enzyme activities, protectes the integrity of the jejunum and colon barrier, and enhances the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia in obese mice. Conclusion Sesamol suppresses TPC production and prolongs the use time of deep‐frying oil. Meanwhile, sesamol can improve TPC‐induced liver lipid metabolism disorders and gut dysbiosis, thus reducing the health risks associated with deep‐fried food.

Deep‐frying oil intake and risk of intestinal barrier dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analyses

“…The pooled mean difference of five studies for the effects of deep‐frying oil intake on body weight were significantly reduced [weighted mean difference (WMD) =−2.54; 95% CI: −4.24, −0.84, P < 0.05]; however, heterogeneity existed between studies (Figure S2; Iablokov et al., 2010; Zhou et al., 2016; Qu et al., 2018; Rayhan et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022). Given the significant heterogeneity in the meta‐analysis of all the included studies, subgroup analyses were performed to better understand the heterogeneity.…”

Effects of deep frying vegetable oils rich in PUFAs on gut microbiota in rats

“…Our previous study and other studies have indicated that thermally processed oils had different effects on gut microbiota compared with fresh oil (Liu et al ., 2014; Koo & Nyachoti, 2019; Ruan et al ., 2021; Wang et al ., 2022). The current study revealed the wide discrepancies in gut microbiota between heated and fresh perilla oil, or heated and fresh sunflower oil, suggests the thermally processing have complicated influence on the health benefits of vegetable oils rich in PUFAs.…”

“…Thermally processing of oils, deep frying etc ., induces thermal oxidation and polymerisation of oils, produces trans fatty acids and peroxidised compounds, which may impair the glucose and lipid metabolism in animals and humans (Choe & Min, 2007; Chiang et al ., 2011; Ringseis & Eder, 2011; Ringseis et al ., 2016). Particularly, frying oils modified the gut microbiome, and reduce relative abundance of Prevotella , Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia (Zhou et al ., 2016; Wang et al ., 2022). However, these published works focused on the effects of heated oils rich in omega‐6 PUFAs, and in the current study, we compared the different effects of heated or unheated sunflower oil which is rich in omega‐6 linoleic acid, and perilla oil which is rich in omega‐3 ALA, on gut microbiota in rats, and found thermally processing have a critical influence on prebiotic effects of PUFAs.…”

Whole Eggs Improve High-Fat Diet-Induced Disorders of the Hepatic Lipid Profile and Gut Microbiota in Mice

“…The “gut–liver” axis has been proposed to explain hepatic lipid metabolism disorder, suggesting that liver dysfunction leads to impairment of the intestinal barrier . The portal system allows bacteria and endotoxins from the digestive tract to enter the liver, resulting in liver damage . According to an increasing number of clinical reports and animal research, hepatic dyslipidemia has been tightly related to the equilibrium and composition of the gut microflora.…”

“…14 The portal system allows bacteria and endotoxins from the digestive tract to enter the liver, resulting in liver damage. 15 According to an increasing number of clinical reports and animal research, hepatic dyslipidemia has been tightly related to the equilibrium and composition of the gut microflora. Previous studies have suggested that disordered lipid metabolism induced by HFD breaks the balance between Firmicutes and Bacteroides in the gut.…”