Preventive Treatment and Control Techniques for Ballast Water

Taylor, Alan H.; Rigby, Geoff; Gollasch, Stephan; Voigt, Matthias; Hallegraeff, GM; McCollin, Tracy; Jelmert, Anders

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6_48

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Fernandez shows that by applying an incentive mechanism consisting of two subsidies (one based on per unit ballast water and the other a lump sum), and depending on the shipper's anticipated liability share of the damage, a socially optimal mix of ballast management and biofouling management can be achieved to address two externalities. Fernandez generates empirical estimates for ballast water management and biofouling management for the Pacific coast of North America from general references found in Taylor et al (2002) and Johnson and Miller (2003). Abatement of ballast water is conducted in more effective ways than ballast water exchange, such as (i) heat-in-transit practices, (ii) ultraviolet treatment, (iii) filtration, (iv) ozonation, and (v) deoxygenation, according to Taylor et al (2002) and Langevin (2003).…”

Section: Studies On Marine Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fernandez generates empirical estimates for ballast water management and biofouling management for the Pacific coast of North America from general references found in Taylor et al (2002) and Johnson and Miller (2003). Abatement of ballast water is conducted in more effective ways than ballast water exchange, such as (i) heat-in-transit practices, (ii) ultraviolet treatment, (iii) filtration, (iv) ozonation, and (v) deoxygenation, according to Taylor et al (2002) and Langevin (2003).…”

Section: Studies On Marine Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Economic Impacts of Aquatic Invasive Species: A Review of the Literature

Lovell

Stone²,

Fernández

2006

Agric. resour. econ. rev.

309

206

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Invasive species are a growing threat in the United States, causing losses in biodiversity, changes in ecosystems, and impacts on economic enterprises such as agriculture, fisheries, and international trade. The costs of preventing and controlling invasive species are not well understood or documented, but estimates indicate that the costs are quite high. The costs of aquatic invasive species are even less well understood than those for terrestrial species. A systematic approach is needed to develop a consistent method to estimate the national costs of aquatic invasives. This review of the economic literature on aquatic invasive species is the first stage in the development of that estimate. We reviewed over sixty sources and include both empirical papers that present cost estimates as well as theoretical papers on preventing and mitigating the impacts of aquatic invasive species. Species-specific estimates are included for both animals and plants.

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Section: Studies On Marine Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies On Marine Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Impacts of Aquatic Invasive Species: A Review of the Literature

Lovell

Stone²,

Fernández

2006

Agric. resour. econ. rev.

309

206

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“…To control the spreading of these species, the extermination of phytoflagellate motile cells and cysts by physical and chemical treatment options have been investigated and reported widely in many countries (Rigby and Taylor, 2001;Taylor et al, 2002). Physical treatment methods include ballast water exchange (Hallegraeff and Bolch, 1992;Rigby and Hallegraeff, 1994), application of high speed microfiltration of ballast water (Cangelosi, 1997), ultraviolet treatment, and heating (Bolch and Hallegraeff, 1993;Rigby and Hallegraeff, 1994;Montani et al, 1995;Yoshida et al, 1996;Hallegraeff et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of harmful dinoflagellate (Alexandrium catenella) in ballast water by electric treatment

et al. 2008

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Ohmic heating and pulse low electric field (PLEF) treatments were applied to cause a lethal effect on Alexandrium catenella cells suspended in seawater. The survival of A. catenella treated with ohmic heating decreased with electric field strength and treatment time. The maximum of only 10% reduction in survival was achieved with 1 s treatment at 50 V cm -1 . On the other hand, the application of pulse low electric treatment of 70 V cm-1 field strength for 3 x 10 ms resulted in high destruction levels of A. catenella cells (survival 0.01%), thus is an effective method for inactivation of toxic dinoflagellates in ballast water.

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“…Midocean exchange of ballast water currently is the management strategy of choice for reducing the quantities of NIS before reaching port [15]. Structural and safety risks exist when conducting ballast water exchange in bad weather and/or high seas, and the limited data available call into question the effectiveness of the procedure [16][17][18]. Structural and safety risks exist when conducting ballast water exchange in bad weather and/or high seas, and the limited data available call into question the effectiveness of the procedure [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this generally is viewed as a ''stop-gap'' measure to reduce the risk of invasions, because it may not be adequate as a control strategy. Structural and safety risks exist when conducting ballast water exchange in bad weather and/or high seas, and the limited data available call into question the effectiveness of the procedure [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of ozonated seawater to marine organisms

Jones

Gensemer

Stubblefield

et al. 2006

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Ballast water transport of nonindigenous species (NIS) is recognized as a significant contributor to biological invasions and a threat to coastal ecosystems. Recently, the use of ozone as an oxidant to eliminate NIS from ballast while ships are in transit has been considered. We determined the toxicity of ozone in artificial seawater (ASW) for five species of marine organisms in short-term (< or = 5 h) batch exposures. Larval topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) and juvenile sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were the most sensitive to oxidant exposure, and the mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) was the most sensitive invertebrate. Conversely, benthic amphipods (Leptocheirus plumulosus and Rhepoxinius abronius) were the least sensitive of all species tested. Mortality from ozone exposure occurred quickly, with median lethal times ranging from 1 to 3 h for the most sensitive species, although additional mortality was observed 1 to 2 d following ozone exposure. Because ozone does not persist in seawater, toxicity likely resulted from bromide ion oxidation to bromine species (HOBr and OBr-), which persist as residual toxicants after at least 2 d of storage. Total residual oxidant (TRO; as Br2) formation resulting from ozone treatment was measured in ASW and four site-specific natural seawaters. The rate of TRO formation correlated with salinity, but dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen did not affect TRO concentrations. Acute toxicity tests with each water over 48 h using mysid shrimp, topsmelt, and sheepshead minnows yielded results similar to those of batch exposure. Addition of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) to ozonated waters resulted in TRO elimination and survival of all organisms. Our results provide necessary information for the optimization of an efficacious ozone ballast water treatment system.

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Preventive Treatment and Control Techniques for Ballast Water

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

The Economic Impacts of Aquatic Invasive Species: A Review of the Literature

The Economic Impacts of Aquatic Invasive Species: A Review of the Literature

Inactivation of harmful dinoflagellate (Alexandrium catenella) in ballast water by electric treatment

Toxicity of ozonated seawater to marine organisms

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