Preview frequency effects in reading: evidence from Chinese

Pan, Jinger; Yan, Ming

doi:10.1007/s00426-021-01628-w

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…More interestingly, when comparing their results with an earlier TC horizontal reading experiment (Tsai et al, 2012), vertical reading showed a smaller identical preview effect (40 ms vs. 29 ms for horizontal and vertical reading, respectively). Because a larger identical preview effect demonstrates that more parafoveal information has been processed during previous fixations (e.g., Henderson & Ferreira, 1990; Inhoff et al, 1989; Pan & Yan, 2022), previous results have hinted at a larger perceptual span for horizontal than for vertical TC reading. Osaka and Oda (1991) tested the vertical perceptual spans of Japanese readers based on rather small samples of readers ( N = 4) and items ( N = 18).…”

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confidence: 94%

Direction-specific reading experience shapes perceptual span.

Yan,

Kliegl,

Pan

2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Perceptual span in reading, the spatial extent for effective information extraction during a single fixation, provides a critical foundation to all studies for sentence reading. However, it is not understood fully how the perceptual span is influenced by direction-specific reading experience. Traditional Chinese sentences can be written horizontally from left to right or vertically downward, offering the best opportunity to explore readers' perceptual span in different text directions, free of possible confounding with language proficiency and cross-participant differences. Using a within-item and within-subject design, eye movements of traditional Chinese readers were recorded during their reading of horizontally and vertically presented sentences. Additionally, regardless of text direction, a gaze-contingent moving-window technique was adopted to restrict visible texts within a virtual window that moved in synchrony with the reader's eye gaze, while characters outside the window were masked. Among several critical results, most importantly, asymptotic reading performance was observed in a smaller window condition for vertical reading than for horizontal reading, suggesting an overall smaller perceptual span in the former case. In addition, the size of the vertical perceptual span increased as a function of the readers' familiarity with vertical text. We conclude that factors beyond orthographic complexity and readers' language proficiency can influence the way in which humans read. Readers' direction-specific perceptual experiences can influence their perceptual span.

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confidence: 94%

Direction-specific reading experience shapes perceptual span.

Yan,

Kliegl,

Pan

2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…Here, we focus on Chinese. Chinese is visually dense, with most words comprising one or two-characters [6]. As a result, upcoming words fall closer to fixation [7], allowing for more extensive extraction of parafoveal information [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parafoveal Processing of Orthography, Phonology, and Semantics during Chinese Reading: Effects of Foveal Load

Zhang,

Kang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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The foveal load hypothesis assumes that the ease (or difficulty) of processing the currently fixated word in a sentence can influence processing of the upcoming word(s), such that parafoveal preview is reduced when foveal load is high. Recent investigations using pseudo-character previews reported an absence of foveal load effects in Chinese reading. Substantial Chinese studies to date provide some evidence to show that parafoveal words may be processed orthographically, phonologically, or semantically. However, it has not yet been established whether parafoveal processing is equivalent in terms of the type of parafoveal information extracted (orthographic, phonological, semantic) under different foveal load conditions. Accordingly, the present study investigated this issue with two experiments. Participants’ eye movements were recorded as they read sentences in which foveal load was manipulated by placing a low- or high-frequency word N preceding a critical word. The preview validity of the upcoming word N + 1 was manipulated in Experiment 1, and word N + 2 in Experiment 2. The parafoveal preview was either identical to word N + 1(or word N + 2); orthographically related; phonologically related; semantically related; or an unrelated pseudo-character. The results showed robust main effects of frequency and preview type on both N + 1 and N + 2. Crucially, however, interactions between foveal load and preview type were absent, indicating that foveal load does not modulate the types of parafoveal information processed during Chinese reading.

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Preview frequency effects in reading: evidence from Chinese

Cited by 2 publications

References 72 publications

Direction-specific reading experience shapes perceptual span.

Direction-specific reading experience shapes perceptual span.

Parafoveal Processing of Orthography, Phonology, and Semantics during Chinese Reading: Effects of Foveal Load

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