Previous Exercise Training Has a Beneficial Effect on Renal and Cardiovascular Function in a Model of Diabetes

Abstract

Exercise training (ET) is an important intervention for chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it is not known whether previous exercise training intervention alters the physiological and medical complications of these diseases. We investigated the effects of previous ET on the progression of renal disease and cardiovascular autonomic control in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. All groups were followed for 15 weeks. Trained control and trained diabetic rats underwent 10 weeks of exercise training, whereas previously trained diabetic rats underwent 14 weeks of exercise training. Renal function, proteinuria, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and the echocardiographic parameters autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were evaluated. In the previously trained group, the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was reduced compared with the sedentary diabetic and trained diabetic groups (p<0.05). Additionally, RSNA was normalized in the trained diabetic and previously trained diabetic animals (p<0.05). The ejection fraction was increased in the previously trained diabetic animals compared with the diabetic and trained diabetic groups (p<0.05), and the myocardial performance index was improved in the previously trained diabetic group compared with the diabetic and trained diabetic groups (p<0.05). In addition, the previously trained rats had improved heart rate variability and BRS in the tachycardic response and bradycardic response in relation to the diabetic group (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that previous ET improves the functional damage that affects DM. Additionally, our findings suggest that the development of renal and cardiac dysfunction can be minimized by 4 weeks of ET before the induction of DM by STZ.

Akt1-Mediated Fast/Glycolytic Skeletal Muscle Growth Attenuates Renal Damage in Experimental Kidney Disease

“…32 Previous exercise training also protects against the progression of diabetic nephropathy produced by streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. 33 Most of these studies were intended to mimic the aerobic endurance type of exercise training. In addition, there were a few studies investigating the effect of skeletal muscle growth in the setting of CKDrelated skeletal muscle atrophy.…”

Progressive Resistance Exercise Training Attenuated Renal Damages, but did not improve Muscle Force in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…As we known, other types of exercise, such as endurance exercise, are widely applied as treatment to diabetes and CKD [3,32,33]. Our group has demonstrated the protective effects of endurance exercise in diabetic animals that performed 14 weeks of running training on renal function [3]. It suggest that both, RET and endurance exercise should be applied for people who have diabetes.…”

“…Surprisingly, our study also demonstrates that skeletal muscles were not improved by our RET regimen, it suggests that different intensity or at least other type of exercise should be incorporated into a regular exercise program. As we known, other types of exercise, such as endurance exercise, are widely applied as treatment to diabetes and CKD [3,32,33]. Our group has demonstrated the protective effects of endurance exercise in diabetic animals that performed 14 weeks of running training on renal function [3].…”

“…This complication is characterized by morphologic changes, including renal hypertrophy, augmented fibrosis and inflammation, increased proteinuria and also by a markedly impairment of renal function [1][2][3]. Increased kidney mass (i.e.…”

Microvascular oxygen partial pressure during hyperbaric oxygen in diabetic rat skeletal muscle

“…These effects of HBO are coordinated through chemoreflex (reviewed in Ref. 46)-and baroreflex (10)-mediated mechanisms, and it is pertinent that chemoreflex (11) and baroreflex control in experimental diabetes is impaired (9,39). Thus, HBO-induced respiratory, cardiovascular, and baroreflex dysfunction in diabetes can, in addition to altered muscle vascular control, affect the dynamic balance between O 2 delivery (Q O 2 ) and utilization (V O 2 ) [i.e., Pmv O 2 (31,32)] in skeletal muscle of diabetic patients.…”