Previous exposure advances the degradation of an anthropogenic s-triazine regardless of soil origin

Sinkkonen, Aki; Kauppi, Sari; Pukkila, Veera; Hui, Nan; Płociniczak, Tomasz; Kontro, Merja H.; Strömmer, Rauni; Romantschuk, Martin

doi:10.1007/s11368-013-0742-y

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As standard sand materials and even normal skin microflora may cause a threat to these patients, e.g., due to the high relative abundance of Pseudomonas , and as KEGG did not detect Chryseobacterium -related genes, the use of the immunomodulatory inoculant in landscaping materials has turned out to be a sophisticated strategy to increase richness and diversity on skin. Particularly, if the results of the current study are combined with those in our previous studies (Sinkkonen et al, 2013a,b; Parajuli et al, 2017; Mikkonen et al, 2018; Sinkkonen et al, 2018; Roslund et al, 2018), biodiverse surface soil materials may be suitable to balance human-induced disturbances in urban environments. The suitability of sand materials enriched with the immunomodulatory inoculant should be studied at a larger scale and over a longer time, with comparisons of different recipes of microbial inoculants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Diverse Environmental Microbiota as a Tool to Augment Biodiversity in Urban Landscaping Materials

et al. 2019

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Human activities typically lead to simplified urban diversity, which in turn reduces microbial exposure and increases the risk to urban dwellers from non-communicable diseases. To overcome this, we developed a microbial inoculant from forest and agricultural materials that resembles microbiota in organic soils. Three different sand materials (sieved, safety, and sandbox) commonly used in playgrounds and other public spaces were enriched with 5% of the inoculant. Skin microbiota on fingers (identified from bacterial 16S rDNA determined using Illumina MiSeq sequencing) was compared after touching non-enriched and microbial inoculant-enriched sands. Exposure to the non-enriched materials changed the skin bacterial community composition in distinct ways. When the inoculant was added to the materials, the overall shift in community composition was larger and the differences between different sand materials almost disappeared. Inoculant-enriched sand materials increased bacterial diversity and richness but did not affect evenness at the OTU level on skin. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher after touching inoculant-enriched compared to non-enriched sand materials. The relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens on skin was 40–50% before touching sand materials, but dropped to 14 and 4% after touching standard and inoculant-enriched sand materials, respectively. When individual genera were analyzed, Pseudomonas sp. and Sphingomonas sp. were more abundant after touching standard, non-enriched sand materials, while only the relative abundance of Chryseobacterium sp. increased after touching the inoculant-enriched materials. As Chryseobacterium is harmless for healthy persons, and as standard landscaping materials and normal skin contain genera that include severe pathogens, the inoculant-enriched materials can be considered safe. Microbial inoculants could be specifically created to increase the proportion of non-pathogenic bacterial taxa and minimize the transfer of pathogenic taxa. We recommend further study into the usability of inoculant-enriched materials and their effects on the bacterial community composition of human skin and on the immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Diverse Environmental Microbiota as a Tool to Augment Biodiversity in Urban Landscaping Materials

et al. 2019

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“…Pollutants, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can lead to shifts in microbial communities [ 1 – 4 ]. PAH degradation typically lasts for decades in polluted environments including soil, water, air, and sediments [ 5 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The abundance of health-associated bacteria is altered in PAH polluted soils—Implications for health in urban areas?

et al. 2017

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Long-term exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been connected to chronic human health disorders. It is also well-known that i) PAH contamination alters soil bacterial communities, ii) human microbiome is associated with environmental microbiome, and iii) alteration in the abundance of members in several bacterial phyla is associated with adverse or beneficial human health effects. We hypothesized that soil pollution by PAHs altered soil bacterial communities that had known associations with human health. The rationale behind our study was to increase understanding and potentially facilitate reconsidering factors that lead to health disorders in areas characterized by PAH contamination. Large containers filled with either spruce forest soil, pine forest soil, peat, or glacial sand were left to incubate or contaminated with creosote. Biological degradation of PAHs was monitored using GC-MS, and the bacterial community composition was analyzed using 454 pyrosequencing. Proteobacteria had higher and Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes had lower relative abundance in creosote contaminated soils than in non-contaminated soils. Earlier studies have demonstrated that an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes are particularly associated with adverse health outcomes and immunological disorders. Therefore, we propose that pollution-induced shifts in natural soil bacterial community, like in PAH-polluted areas, can contribute to the prevalence of chronic diseases. We encourage studies that simultaneously address the classic “adverse toxin effect” paradigm and our novel “altered environmental microbiome” hypothesis.

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“…Moisture content was measured by drying samples in an oven (+105 °C) to constant weight and the water-holding capacity was determined with the method of Priha & Smolander (1999) and pH according to the SFS-ISO 10390 (2005) standard. Bioavailable nutrients (nitrate NO , ammonium NH and phosphate PO ) were extracted and filtered (Whatman ® 5892, White ribbon, by Schleichner and Schuell) as described by Sinkkonen et al (2013) using the QuikChem 8000 flow injection analysis system (LACHAT Instruments Inc., Loveland, CO, USA). Approximately 10 g of fresh landscaping material was dried and crushed to measure elements (Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, Pb) with Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS, Elan 6000; Perkin Elmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), and to measure carbon and nitrogen with the LECO C/N/S-200-analyzator (Leco Corporation, Saint Joseph, MI, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Half-lives of PAHs and temporal microbiota changes in commonly used urban landscaping materials

Roslund

Grönroos

Rantalainen

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulate in urban soils, and PAH contamination can change soil microbial community composition. Environmental microbiota is associated with human commensal microbiota, immune system and health. Therefore, studies investigating the degradation of PAHs, and the consequences of soil pollution on microbial communities in urban landscaping materials, are crucial.MethodsFour landscaping materials (organic matter 1, 2, 13 and 56%) were contaminated with PAHs commonly found at urban sites (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene and benzo(b)fluoranthene) in PAH concentrations that reflect urban soils in Finland (2.4 µg g -1 soil dry weight). PAHs were analyzed initially and after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Half-lives of PAHs were determined based on 12-weeks degradation. Bacterial communities were analyzed at 1 and 12 weeks after contamination using Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding.ResultsHalf-lives ranged from 1.5 to 4.4 weeks for PAHs with relatively low molecular weights (phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene) in landscaping materials containing 1–2% organic matter. In contrast, in materials containing 13% and 56% organic matter, the half-lives ranged from 2.5 to 52 weeks. Shorter half-lives of phenanthrene and fluoranthene were thus associated with low organic matter content. The half-life of pyrene was inversely related to the relative abundance of Beta-, Delta- and Gammaproteobacteria, and diversity of Bacteroidetes and Betaprotebacteria. Compounds with higher molecular weights followed compound-specific patterns. Benzo(b)fluoranthene was resistant to degradation and half-life of chrysene was shorter when the relative abundance of Betaproteobacteria was high. Temporal microbiota changes involved increase in the relative abundance of Deltaproteobacteria and decrease in genera Flavobacterium and Rhodanobacter. Exposure to PAHs seems to adjust microbial community composition, particularly within class Beta- and Deltaproteobacteria.ConclusionsIn this study, PAH degradation depended on the organic matter content and bacterial community composition of landscaping materials. Contamination seems to alter bacterial community composition in landscaping materials depending on material type. This alteration includes changes in bacterial phyla associated with human health and immune system. This may open new possibilities for managing urban environments by careful selection of landscaping materials, to benefit health and wellbeing.

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Previous exposure advances the degradation of an anthropogenic s-triazine regardless of soil origin

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Diverse Environmental Microbiota as a Tool to Augment Biodiversity in Urban Landscaping Materials

Diverse Environmental Microbiota as a Tool to Augment Biodiversity in Urban Landscaping Materials

The abundance of health-associated bacteria is altered in PAH polluted soils—Implications for health in urban areas?

Half-lives of PAHs and temporal microbiota changes in commonly used urban landscaping materials

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