Previous ischemia and reperfusion injury results in resistance of the kidney against subsequent ischemia and reperfusion insult in mice; a role for the Akt signal pathway

Abstract

Ischemic pre-conditioning confers renal resistance to I/R-induced apoptosis via activation of the Akt signal pathway.

Ischemic preconditioning activates prosurvival kinases and reduces myocardial apoptosis

“…16 In addition, it has been reported to upregulate antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, downregulate proapoptotic Bax protein, and activate the prosurvival kinases, including Akt and extracellular signalregulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). 17,18 Significantly reduced apoptosis has also been found. 18 Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion occur in acute MI and cardiac surgery.…”

Molecular mechanisms of trauma-induced acute kidney injury: Inflammatory and metabolic insights from animal models

“…The role of Akt pathway in AKI was also implicated in animal models utilizing renal clamping and reperfusion injury but not as extensively as in models of HS. Within 30 minutes Akt and Bad phosphorylation was increased in kidneys from ischemic mice [124]. Conversely, Akt phosphorylation in the kidney was not increased in HS rats 4 hours after reperfusion when compared to sham animals [78].…”

Methionine sulfoxide reductase A deficiency exacerbates progression of kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction

“…Renal fibrosis is characterized by kidney-specific phenotypic changes, such as a loss of epithelial cell polarity causing cell dysfunction, expansion of the interstitial area due to the accumulation of extracellular matrix components, including collagens, and leukocyte infiltration [12,15,25,26]. A growing body of evidence suggests that decreasing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response retards kidney fibrosis in various clinical settings and experimental models [13][14][15]27].…”