Prevnar-13 vaccine failure in a mouse model for vitamin A deficiency

Penkert, Rhiannon R.; Iverson, Amy; Rosch, Jason W.; Hurwitz, Julia L.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.069

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There is evidence that both protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies can affect responses to vaccination. 43,44 The drivers of colonisation rates are complex but well-designed studies could be used to detect other risk factors or confounders for increased S. pneumoniae prevalence in the nasopharynx, including the effect on somatic growth. 21 Importantly, we do not know if colonisation produces antibody-mediated protection in this population as it does in healthy children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal colonisation with Streptococcus pneumoniae in malnourished children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence

Smith

German

Ferreira

et al. 2019

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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word count: 216 Paper word count (excluding abstract and references): 2005 Abstract Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an intermittent commensal organism in the nasopharynx. Colonisation is a prerequisite for disease and malnourished children are especially susceptible to severe infection. This systematic review examines published prevalence rates of pneumococcal colonisation in the upper respiratory tract of chronically malnourished children under the age of five years. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. After screening, relevant studies were assessed for quality using STROBE criteria. Colonisation data were extracted and a randomeffects model used to pool prevalence estimates.Findings: Nine studies were included. The prevalence rate of S. pneumoniae colonisation in malnourished children during the first month of life ranged from 1.0-2.0% increasing at 2 months to 53.9-80.0%. Carriage remained similar from 3 months to 60 months at 64.1-88.0%. Meta-analysis showed a pooled prevalence of 67.2% in 0-3 months infants (95% CI, 55.6-78.7%), 77.9% in 3-6 months infants (95% CI, 68.1-87.7%) and 77.8% in 6-60 months infants (95% CI, 73.9-81.6%). Conclusion:In malnourished children, it is plausible that rates of pneumococcal colonisation are higher than in healthy, well-nourished children. Knowledge of colonisation rates can inform policies on vaccination and ancillary interventions during treatment of malnutrition. Future studies should assess the impact of reducing colonisation on disease rates or transmission in these "at risk" individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal colonisation with Streptococcus pneumoniae in malnourished children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence

Smith

German

Ferreira

et al. 2019

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The immune response was further weakened when the mice were rendered double-deficient for vitamins A and D [84]. VAD is also associated with reduced protection against bacterial infections [85][86][87][88] and in a murine B cell acute lymphoblastoid leukemia model (B-ALL), VAD mice exhibited poor tumor clearance compared to vitamin-replete controls [89]. In the context of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, vitamin A levels were normal or above-normal in the blood, but were low in tissues.…”

Section: Vitamin a And The Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…5W9M) diets differed only in vitamin A content, containing either 0 or 15 international units (IU)/g vitamin A palmitate, respectively. Upon reaching adulthood, C57BL/6 control (CON) and VAD mice were lightly anesthetized with isoflurane and intranasally infected with 0.5-1 × 10 5 CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae, strain A66.1 (as described previously [86,98,99]). Lung bacterial titers were determined 24 h post-infection, assigned the value '1 if below detection.…”

Section: Nuclear Receptor Cross Regulation Influences the Immune Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Receptors, Ligands and the Mammalian B Cell

Jones

Penkert

Surman

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Questions concerning the influences of nuclear receptors and their ligands on mammalian B cells are vast in number. Here, we briefly review the effects of nuclear receptor ligands, including estrogen and vitamins, on immunoglobulin production and protection from infectious diseases. We describe nuclear receptor interactions with the B cell genome and the potential mechanisms of gene regulation. Attention to the nuclear receptor/ligand regulation of B cell function may help optimize B cell responses, improve pathogen clearance, and prevent damaging responses toward inert- and self-antigens.

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“…The economic hardship indexes in some Shelby county cities including Memphis are among the highest in the country. Wealth disparities are also apparent with the median household income being 42% lower for African Americans compared to whites [ 11 ]. Low socioeconomic status is associated with poor nutrition and chronic diseases including asthma [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questioning Cause and Effect: Children with Severe Asthma Exhibit High Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers Including Beta-Hexosaminidase, but Low Levels of Vitamin A and Immunoglobulins

et al. 2020

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Asthma affects over 8% of the pediatric population in the United States, and Memphis, Tennessee has been labeled an asthma capital. Plasma samples were analyzed for biomarker profiles from 95 children with severe asthma and 47 age-matched, hospitalized nonasthmatic controls at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital in Memphis, where over 4000 asthmatics are cared for annually. Asthmatics exhibited significantly higher levels of periostin, surfactant protein D, receptor for advanced glycation end products and β-hexosaminidase compared to controls. Children with severe asthma had lower levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgA, and higher levels of IgE compared to controls, and approximately half of asthmatics exhibited IgG1 levels that were below age-specific norms. Vitamin A levels, measured by the surrogate retinol-binding protein, were insufficient or deficient in most asthmatic children, and correlated positively with IgG1. Which came first, asthma status or low levels of vitamin A and immunoglobulins? It is likely that inflammatory disease and immunosuppressive drugs contributed to a reduction in vitamin A and immunoglobulin levels. However, a nonmutually exclusive hypothesis is that low dietary vitamin A caused reductions in immune function and rendered children vulnerable to respiratory disease and consequent asthma pathogenesis. Continued attention to nutrition in combination with the biomarker profile is recommended to prevent and treat asthma in vulnerable children.

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Prevnar-13 vaccine failure in a mouse model for vitamin A deficiency

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Nasopharyngeal colonisation with Streptococcus pneumoniae in malnourished children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence

Nasopharyngeal colonisation with Streptococcus pneumoniae in malnourished children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence

Nuclear Receptors, Ligands and the Mammalian B Cell

Questioning Cause and Effect: Children with Severe Asthma Exhibit High Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers Including Beta-Hexosaminidase, but Low Levels of Vitamin A and Immunoglobulins

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