Prey attack and predators defend: counterattacking prey trigger parental care in predators

Magalhães, Sara; Janssen, Arne; Montserrat, Marta; Sabelis, Maurice W.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3127

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The predatory mite species we tested preyed upon all immature stages of E. americanus. The finding that predatory mites also consume the larger stages of E. americanus is surprising, knowing that they mainly attack the first larval stages of tobacco thrips and western flower thrips (Bakker and Sabelis 1989;Magalhães et al 2005). A possible explanation for the difference with E. americanus is the fact that second instars of these thrips species strongly defend themselves against predator attacks by jerking with the abdomen and producing droplets of rectal fluid (Bakker and Sabelis 1989), whereas we did not observe such strong defences in E. americanus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Biological control of Echinothrips americanus by phytoseiid predatory mites and the effect of pollen as supplemental food

Ghasemzadeh

Leman²,

Messelink³

2017

Exp Appl Acarol

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The poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus Morgan, is an upcoming pest in greenhouse crops, causing serious damage in various vegetable and ornamental crops through extensive foliage feeding. We assessed which stages of E. americanus are attacked and killed by the phytoseiid predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot), Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman and McGregor), Euseius gallicus Kreiter and Tixier and Euseius ovalis (Evans). Both the predation and oviposition rates were assessed in the laboratory to evaluate which mite species is potentially the most effective predator of E. americanus. In two greenhouse trials with non-flowering sweet pepper plants, we compared the efficacy of the predators E. gallicus and E. ovalis with A. swirskii and we assessed how this was affected by the application of cattail pollen. All stages of E. americanus, except adults, were consumed by all species of predatory mites. The highest predation and oviposition rates were recorded for A. limonicus followed by A. swirskii and E. ovalis when first and second larval stages were provided as prey, but E. ovalis appeared to be the best predator of thrips pupae. Euseius gallicus displayed very low predation and oviposition rates compared to the other species of predatory mites. Cattail pollen did not support the population growth of poinsettia thrips, but it strongly increased the predatory mite population densities, particularly those of E. ovalis. Both A. swirskii and E. ovalis significantly reduced thrips densities on plants. The application of pollen significantly enhanced the control of E. americanus by A. swirskii; this was not the case for E. ovalis. Euseius gallicus did not reduce densities of E. americanus on sweet pepper plants, not even at high densities in the presence of pollen.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Biological control of Echinothrips americanus by phytoseiid predatory mites and the effect of pollen as supplemental food

Ghasemzadeh

Leman²,

Messelink³

2017

Exp Appl Acarol

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“…This prediction holds even if this behaviour entails a risk to the parents themselves, provided that it increases their overall reproductive success (Williams 1966;Trivers 1974;Bell 1980). Parents can protect their oVspring by directly defending their nesting or oviposition sites from the attack of predators (Montgomerie and Weatherhead 1988;Koskela et al 2000;Magalhaes et al 2005a), and/or by actively searching for predator-free patches for nesting and egg laying (Murphy 2003a;2003b;Resetarits 2002, 2003;Eitam and Blaustein 2004;Mokany and Shine 2003;Nomikou et al 2003;Faraji et al 2002;Kessler and Baldwin 2002;Angelon and Petranka 2002;Reguera and Gomendio 2002;Resetarits 2001;Stav et al 1999;Mappes and Kaitala 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Predators induce egg retention in prey

Montserrat

Bas²,

Magalhães

et al. 2006

Oecologia

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To prevent predation on their eggs, prey often avoid patches occupied by predators. As a result, they need to delay oviposition until they reach predator-free patches. Because many species allocate energy to egg production in a continuous fashion, it is not clear what kind of mechanism prey use to delay oviposition. We used females of the phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus cucumeris to study these mechanisms. Females were placed in patches with pollen, a food source they use for egg production, and they were exposed to another phytoseiid mite, Iphiseius degenerans, which is an intraguild predator of N. cucumeris juveniles. We found that the oviposition of N. cucumeris females on patches with the predator was lower than on patches without the predator. Cues left by the intraguild predator were not sufficient to elicit such behaviour. Females of N. cucumeris reduced oviposition when exposed to the predator by retaining the egg inside their body, resulting in a lower developmental rate once these eggs were laid. Hence, females are capable of retaining eggs, but the development of these eggs continues inside the mother's body. In this way, females gain some time to search for less risky oviposition sites.

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“…Since then, it has become clear that many more factors are involved in patch selection by predators, such as the need for a mixed diet (Belovsky 1978; Mayntz et al 2005; Marques et al 2015) and the avoidance of competing species (Janssen et al 1995; Adler et al 2001) and of intraguild predators (Moran and Hurd 1994; Magalhães et al 2005; Choh et al 2010). Also, when different prey species co-occur on the same patch, the interactions between these prey can affect patch quality and patch selection for predators (Werner and Peacor 2003; Ohgushi 2005; Schmitz et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predatory interactions between prey affect patch selection by predators

Choh

Sabelis

Janssen

2017

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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When predators can use several prey species as food sources, they are known to select prey according to foraging efficiency and food quality. However, interactions between the prey species may also affect prey choice, and this has received limited attention. The effect of one such interaction, intraguild predation between prey, on patch selection by predators was studied here. The predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus preys on young larvae of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and on all stages of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. The two prey species co-occur on several plant species, on which they compete for resources, and western flower thrips feed on eggs of the spider mites. A further complicating factor is that the thrips can also feed on the eggs of the predator. We found that performance of the predatory mite was highest on patches with spider mites, intermediate on patches with spider mites plus thrips larvae and lowest on patches with thrips larvae alone. Patch selection and oviposition preference of predators matched performance: predators preferred patches with spider mites over patches with spider mites plus thrips. Patches with thrips only were not significantly more attractive than empty patches. We also investigated the cues involved in patch selection and found that the attractiveness of patches with spider mites was significantly reduced by the presence of cues associated with killed spider mite eggs. This explains the reduced attractiveness of patches with both prey. Our results point at the importance of predatory interactions among prey species for patch selection by predators.Significance statementPatch selection by predators is known to be affected by factors such as prey quality, the presence of competitors and predators, but little is known on the effects of interactions among prey species present on patch selection. In this paper, we show that patch selection by a predator is affected by such interactions, specifically by the feeding of one prey species on eggs of the other.

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Prey attack and predators defend: counterattacking prey trigger parental care in predators

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Biological control of Echinothrips americanus by phytoseiid predatory mites and the effect of pollen as supplemental food

Biological control of Echinothrips americanus by phytoseiid predatory mites and the effect of pollen as supplemental food

Predators induce egg retention in prey

Predatory interactions between prey affect patch selection by predators

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