Prey‐capture techniques and prey preferences of<i>Zenodorus durvillei, Z. metallescens</i>and<i>Z. orbiculatus</i>, tropical ant‐eating jumping spiders (Araneae: Saiticidae) from Australia

Jackson, Robert R.; Li, Daiqin

doi:10.1080/03014223.2001.9518272

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…the spider attacks any part of the ant's body or legs, then retreats until the venom takes effect (e.g. Edwards et al, 1974;Heller, 1974;Snelling, 1983;Wing, 1983;Oliveira & Sazima, 1985;Jackson & Van Olphen, 1991;Clark & Blom, 1992;Li, Jackson & Cutler, 1996;Castanho & Oliveira, 1997;Jackson et al, 1998a;Goloboff, 2000;Jackson & Li, 2001;Pekár, 2004b). The third technique consists of immobilisation by means of silk strands that are thrown onto the ants from a distance, followed by an attack (Soyer, 1943;Glatz, 1967;Carico, 1978).…”

Section: (1) Behavioural Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: the case of prey‐specialised spiders (Araneae)

2014

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Predators appear to be less frequently specialised (i.e. adapted to restricted diet) on their prey than herbivores, parasites or parasitoids. Here, we critically evaluate contemporary evolutionary hypotheses that might be used to explain the evolution of specialised foraging in predators. We propose a unifying concept within which we define four types of trophic categories using ecological (diet breadth) and evolutionary (degree of adaptations) contexts. We use data on spiders (Araneae), the most diversified order of terrestrial predators, to assess applicability of frameworks and evolutionary concepts related to trophic specialisation. The majority of spider species are euryphagous but a few have a restricted prey range, i.e. they are stenophagous. We provide a detailed overview of specialisation on different prey types, namely spiders, crustaceans, moths, dipterans, ants, and termites. We also review the available evidence for trophic adaptations, classified into four categories: behavioural, morphological, venomic and metabolic. Finally, we discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of trophic specialisation and propose avenues for future research.

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Section: (1) Behavioural Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: the case of prey‐specialised spiders (Araneae)

2014

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“…It seems that A. flavescens captures living fruit flies more often than living houseflies or mealworms. This taxonomic category of prey preference is also documented in 11 species of spider-eating (reviewed in Li, 2000) and 24 species of ant-eating jumping spiders (reviewed in Jackson & Li, 2001). The energetic cost of acquiring living prey seems to be crucial.…”

Section: Effect Of Prey Typementioning

confidence: 87%

“…The influence of hunger on the foraging behaviour of predators (Curio, 1976), including spiders (Gardner, 1964;Punzo, 1989;Li & Jackson, 1996a,b;Li, Jackson & Cutler, 1996;Li, Jackson & Barrion, 1997;Li, Jackson & Harland, 1999;Li, 2000;Jackson & Li, 2001), is well known, but whether hunger affects the foraging behaviour of kleptoparasitic spiders has received little attention. Our results show that well-fed A. flavescens tended to show a preference for living houseflies in the absence of N. pilipes.…”

Section: Effect Of Hunger Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐dependent prey type preferences of a kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes flavescens (Araneae: Theridiidae)

Koh

2003

Journal of Zoology

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Spiders from the theridiid genus Argyrodes exhibit considerable variation in foraging tactics. However, little is known about the conditions under which Argyrodes spiders switch foraging tactics. Argyrodes flavescens (Pickard-Cambridge) is commonly found in the webs of another spider Nephila pilipes (Fabricius) in Singapore. In this study, a series of prey-choice tests were conducted for A. flavescens, both in the presence and absence of N. pilipes, to investigate the state-dependent prey type preference of A. flavescens. It was found that, in the absence of N. pilipes, well-fed A. flavescens took houseflies more than fruit flies, but starved A. flavescens took more fruit flies than houseflies. Whether N. pilipes spiders were present or absent, both well-fed and starved A. flavescens preferred living prey and rarely took wrapped prey of any kind. When well fed, A. flavescens rarely took mealworms. However, when starved, A. flavescens tended to take freshly captured prey, and also tended to feed together with N. pilipes on a housefly or mealworm captured by N. pilipes. Whether A. flavescens were absent or present, both well-fed and starved N. pilipes took mealworm larvae more often than they took houseflies, and they never attacked fruit flies. This is the first study to show that Argyrodes spiders alter their foraging tactics depending on hunger level, prey type, or the presence of the host. In doing so, Argyrodes spiders may maximize their energy gain and minimize predation risk in different circumstances.

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“… a From stock cultures (see [11,23]). b Collected as needed from Mbita Point field site. c Used in complete series. d Used in mosquito series. e Used in non-mosquito series.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence between a mosquito-eating predator's natural diet and its prey-choice behaviour

2016

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On the basis of 1115 records of Evarcha culicivora feeding in the field, we can characterize this East African jumping spider (Salticidae) as being distinctively stenophagic. We can also, on the basis of laboratory prey-choice experiments, characterize E. culicivora as having a specialized prey-classification system and a hierarchy of innate preferences for various categories of mosquitoes and other arthropods. Prey from the field belonged to 10 arthropod orders, but 94.5% of the prey records were dipterans. Mosquitoes were the dominant prey (80.2% of the records), with the majority (82.9%) of the mosquitoes being females, and thereafter midges were the most common prey (9.2% of the records). Preference profiles that were determined from experiments showed strong convergence with natural diet in some, but not all, instances. In experiments, E. culicivora adults appeared to distinguish between six prey categories and juveniles between seven, with blood-carrying anopheline female mosquitoes being ranked highest in preference. For adults, this was followed by blood-carrying culicine female mosquitoes and then anopheline female mosquitoes not carrying blood, but these two preferences were reversed for juveniles. Moreover, for juveniles, but not for adults, anopheline male mosquitoes seem to be a distinct prey category ranked in preference after blood-carrying culicine females and, for both adults and juveniles, preference for midges is evident when the alternatives are not mosquitoes. These findings illustrate the importance of going beyond simply specifying preferred prey categories when characterizing predators as ‘specialized’ and a need to make clear conceptual distinctions between a predator's natural diet, the prey categories that are relevant to the predator, and the predator's prey-choicebehaviour.

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Prey‐capture techniques and prey preferences ofZenodorus durvillei, Z. metallescensandZ. orbiculatus, tropical ant‐eating jumping spiders (Araneae: Saiticidae) from Australia

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: the case of prey‐specialised spiders (Araneae)

Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: the case of prey‐specialised spiders (Araneae)

State‐dependent prey type preferences of a kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes flavescens (Araneae: Theridiidae)

Convergence between a mosquito-eating predator's natural diet and its prey-choice behaviour

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