Prey size selection, feeding rates and growth dynamics of heterotrophic dinoflagellates with special emphasis on Gyrodinium spirale

Hansen, Per Juel

doi:10.1007/bf00349535

Cited by 238 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These values correspond closely to the median and mean values of carbon-specific log(w,/w,) shown in Fig. lc [except for dinoflagellates, however, the only value may not be representative (Hansen 1992)]. Hence, the selection of prey species by the authors of the individual studies reflects the taxon-specific differences in size-selective feeding behavior.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…Variability Data source for, nano/microflagellates: Kopylov et al 1980;Fenchel 1982;Sherr et al 1983;Stoccker and Evans 1985;Caron et al 1986;Borsheim and Bratbak 1987;Geider and Leadbetter 1988;Caron 1990;Caron et al 1990a;Grover 1990;Caron et al 199 1;Holen and Boraa:;Hochstadter 1993;Gonzales et al 1994;Nakano 1994;Jtirgens 1995. Data source for dinoflagellates : Strom 1991;Hansen 1992;Nakamura et al 1992;Strom and Buskey 1993;Buskey et al 1994. Data source for ciliates: Rubin and Lee 1976;Rassoulzadegan 1982;Scott 1985;Taniguchi and Kawakami 1985;Verity 1985;Jonsson 1986;Stoecker and Evans 1986;Turley et al 1986;Caron et al 1991;Mtiller 1991;Ohman and Snyder 1991;Hochstadter 1993.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gross growth efficiencies of protozoan and metazoan zooplankton and their dependence on food concentration, predator‐prey weight ratio, and taxonomic group

Straile

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

377

258

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A comprehensive datasct on the gross growth efficiency (GGE) of planktonic protozoans and metazoans was gathered from the literature in order to (1) identify typical ranges of values, (2) to reexamine the taxon specificity of GGE, and (3) to evaluate the impact of food concentration, predator-prey weight ratio, and temperature on GGE. All taxa (i.e. nano/microAagellates, dinoflagellates, ciliates, rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods) were found to have mean and median GGE of -2O-30%. Contrary to the common practice of using different values of GGE for ciliates and crustaceans, I found that the GGE hardly differed between taxa. Variability within all taxa was high and could only partially be attributed to the independent variables mentioned above. The dependency of GGE on food concentrations was the most reliable relationship identified by multiple regression. Establishing further generalizations regarding the dependency of GGE on other factors was hampered by methodological differences among studies and taxa and the lack of information on other potentially important factors such as the clemental composition of prey items. Future studies of GGE should recognize the importance of these factors.Knowledge of fluxes of matter and energy within ecosystems is a prerequisite for the understanding of food web regulation and of the role that oceans and lakes play in the global carbon cycle (Longhurst 199 1). However, quantifying carbon fluxes reliably in particular ecosystems is hampered by many difficulties. The complexity of aquatic food webs outpaces our capacity to make all the necessary measurements at any one site (Vkzina and Platt 1988). This fact forces ecologists to infer unknown fluxes from those that have been measured. A relative straightforward and therefore common approach is to estimate ingestion rates, Z, of a group of organisms (of a guild) from measured growth rates, G, and a fixed gross growth efficiency, GGE: Z = G/GGE. The crucial ratio GGE (G/Z) is the fraction of prey carbon consumed converted to predator carbon. Despite its importance and abundant use in numerous models and applied studies, e.g. on the estimation of fish yield, the literature on GGE is not well developed and provides no or only a few weak generalizations.Searching the literature of carbon flux modeling, one finds that one generalization in particular has reached modelers' ears: planktonic protozoans are thought to achieve higher GGE than do planktonic metazoans. Modelers are quite aware of high protozoan GGE (sensu Caron et al. 1990a) and usually use protozoan GGE 240% in their models. On the other hand, the conclusion of Calow (1977)-that "Metazoa can achive the best possible levels of efficiency pre- AcknowledgmentsThis study was performed within the Special Collaborative Program (SFB) 248 "Cycling of matter in Lake Constance" supported

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supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross growth efficiencies of protozoan and metazoan zooplankton and their dependence on food concentration, predator‐prey weight ratio, and taxonomic group

Straile

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

377

258

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“…An estimate of the RC fraction in the water was obtained by subtracting the biomass of phytoplankton (Olesen and Lundsgaard 1995) copepods (Kiorboe and Nielsen 1994), ciliates (Nielsen and Kiorboe 1994), and dinoflagellates (Hansen 1991) from the concentration of suspended POC. The average sinking velocity of RC was 1.5 m d I (range 0.7-4.0 m d I), equivalent to an average daily sedimentation loss from the euphotic zone of 12%.…”

Section: Source Of Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copepod and ciliate ingestion were calculated from production estimates assuming growth efficiencies of 0.33 and 0.40, respectively (Ri@--boe Nielsen and Kiorboe 1994). The biomass of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the upper mixed layer (Hansen 1991) averaged 470, 170, 300, and 190 mg C mm2 in the four periods, and these estimates were converted to ingestion using maximum specific ingestion rates of 1.1, 2.8, 2.8, and 2.7 d-l, respectively. These ingestion rates were calculated using the average cell volume of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in each period (6,600, 2,100,9,400, and 4,800 prnq, respectively; l?…”

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confidence: 99%

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The origin of sedimenting detrital matter in a coastal system

Lundsgaard

Olesen

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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Total sedimentation and the fraction due to copepod fecal pellets were measured during the growth season (March–October 1989) in the southern Kattegat, Denmark. In this period the sedimentation of detritus made up 52 g C m−2, equal to 82% of the sedimenting matter from the euphotic zone, but fecal pellets (11 g C m−2) constituted only a minor fraction. The remaining detrital matter was produced by other heterotrophs than copepods. Published data on heterotrophic biomass and grazing obtained during the investigation in the Kattegat are reviewed in order to relate the sedimentation to processes in the pelagic system. Copepod defecation nearly equaled the sedimentation of fecal pellets, indicating that retention of this matter in the pelagic system was insignificant. A considerable fraction (10–24%) of the carbon flow processed by heterotrophic pico‐, nano‐, and microplankton was converted to detritus that was lost from the mixed system by sedimentation. The microbial food web is thus not an exclusively regenerating system.

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Annual Changes of Abundance and Biomass of Planktonic Ciliates in the Gdańsk Basin, Southern Baltic

Witek

1998

International Review of Hydrobiology

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Seasonal changes in the species composition, abundance and biomass of planktonic ciliates were determined every 2-3 weeks at two sites of 30 m depth and one location of I05 m depth in the south-A total of 40 ciliate taxa were observed during this period. Autotrophic Mesodinium rubrum dominated ciliate abundance and biomass; maximal values of 5 0 . 10' ind. I-' and 65 pg C I-' were recorded. The annual mean biomass of M . ruhrum comprised 6 to 9% of the annual mean phytoplankton biomass. The highest abundances and biomasses of heterotrophic ciliates were noted at all stations in the spring and summer in the euphotic zone with maximum values of 2 8 . lo3 ind. I-' and 23 pg C I-'. Three ciliates assemblages were distinguished in the epipelagic layer: large and medium-size non-predatory ciliates, achieving peak abundance in spring and autumn; small-size microphagous ciliates and epibiotic ciliates which were abundant in summer, and large-size predacious ciliates dominating in spring. Below 60 m, a separate deep-water ciliate community composed of Prorodon-like ciliates and Meincystis spp. was found. The ciliate biomass in the 60-105 m layer was similar to the ciliate biomass in the euphotic zone. The heterotrophic ciliate community contributed 10 to 13% to the annual mean zooplankton biomass. The potential annual production of M . ruhnrm comprised 6 to 9% of the total primary production. Carbon demand of nonpredatory ciliates, calculated on the basis of their potential production. was estimated to be equivalent to 12-15% of the gross primary production., , , = maximum growth rate (d-'), T = temperature ("C), V = mean cell volume in an individual size-class (pm'). The total production for each sample was calculated by summing individual production values for different size-classes. Results I . Taxonomic Composition and Abundance of CiliatesAlthough silver impregnation techniques for ciliate identification have been established (MONTAGNES and LYNN, 1987), these procedures are rather time consuming and difficult to apply in ecological field studies (material for this study was collected before the QPS

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Prey size selection, feeding rates and growth dynamics of heterotrophic dinoflagellates with special emphasis on Gyrodinium spirale

Cited by 238 publications

References 21 publications

Gross growth efficiencies of protozoan and metazoan zooplankton and their dependence on food concentration, predator‐prey weight ratio, and taxonomic group

Gross growth efficiencies of protozoan and metazoan zooplankton and their dependence on food concentration, predator‐prey weight ratio, and taxonomic group

The origin of sedimenting detrital matter in a coastal system

Annual Changes of Abundance and Biomass of Planktonic Ciliates in the Gdańsk Basin, Southern Baltic

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