Prey switching of cod and whiting in the North Sea

Rindorf, Anna; Gislason, Henrik; Lewy, Peter

doi:10.3354/meps325243

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, in both systems, we observed clear evidence for negative switching, which is likely to have a destabilizing effect (Chesson 1984). Several empirical studies showed that negative switching may be observed in marine (Kean-Howie et al 1988, Rindorf et al 2006) and terrestrial ecosystems (Weale et al 2000, Palma et al 2006, Hellström et al 2014). Several empirical studies showed that negative switching may be observed in marine (Kean-Howie et al 1988, Rindorf et al 2006) and terrestrial ecosystems (Weale et al 2000, Palma et al 2006, Hellström et al 2014).…”

Section: The Occurrence Of Negative Switchingmentioning

confidence: 50%

The adaptation of generalist predators’ diet in a multi‐prey context: insights from new functional responses

Baudrot

Perasso

Fritsch

et al. 2016

Ecology

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The ability for a generalist consumer to adapt its foraging strategy (the multi-species functional response, MSFR) is a milestone in ecology as it contributes to the structure of food webs. The trophic interaction between a generalist predator, as the red fox or the barn owl, and its prey community, mainly composed of small mammals, has been empirically and theoretically widely studied. However, the extent to which these predators adapt their diet according to both multi-annual changes in multiple prey species availability (frequency dependence) and the variation of the total prey density (density dependence) is unexplored.We provide a new general model of MSFR disentangling changes in prey preference according to variation of prey frequency (switching) and of total prey density (we propose the new concept of "rank switching"). We apply these models to two large data sets of red fox and barn owl foraging. We show that both frequency-dependent and density-dependent switching are critical properties of these two systems, suggesting that barn owl and red fox have an accurate image of the prey community in terms of frequency and absolute density. Moreover, we show that negative switching, which can lead to prey instability, is a strong property of the two systems.

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Section: The Occurrence Of Negative Switchingmentioning

confidence: 50%

The adaptation of generalist predators’ diet in a multi‐prey context: insights from new functional responses

Baudrot

Perasso

Fritsch

et al. 2016

Ecology

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“…When the exponent is larger than 1, the predator exhibits prey switching. When the exponent is smaller than 1, the predator is said to exhibit negative prey switching, because it consumes disproportionately less of the more available prey (24)(25)(26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A generalized functional response for predators that switch between multiple prey species

Leeuwen

Brännström

Jansen

et al. 2013

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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ABSTRACT. We develop a theory for the food intake of a predator that can switch between multiple prey species. The theory addresses empirical observations of prey switching and is based on the behavioural assumption that a predator tends to continue feeding on prey that are similar to the prey it has consumed last, in terms of, e.g., their morphology, defences, location, habitat choice, or behaviour. From a predator's dietary history and the assumed similarity relationship among prey species, we derive a general closed-form multi-species functional response for describing predators switching between multiple prey species. Our theory includes the Holling type II functional response as a special case and makes consistent predictions when populations of equivalent prey are aggregated or split. An analysis of the derived functional response enables us to highlight the following five main findings.(1) Prey switching leads to an approximate power-law relationship between ratios of prey abundance and prey intake, consistent with experimental data. (2) In agreement with empirical observations, the theory predicts an upper limit of 2 for the exponent of such power laws. (3) Our theory predicts deviations from power-law switching at very low and very high prey-abundance ratios. (4) The theory can predict the diet composition of a predator feeding on multiple prey species from diet observations for predators feeding only on pairs of prey species. (5) Predators foraging on more prey species will show less pronounced prey switching than predators foraging on fewer prey species, thus providing a natural explanation for the known difficulties of observing prey switching in the field.

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“…Most piscivorous fish species are considered generalist predators, implying that they consume prey based on encounter rates. It is less clear how marine fish alter foraging tactics and locations based on the availability of prey, i.e., exhibit a true switching response (Rindorf et al 2006). Clearly, prey switching would dampen bottom-up effects of fishery-induced reduction in forage species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade‐offs between supportive and provisioning ecosystem services of forage species in marine food webs

Essington¹,

Munch²

2014

Ecological Applications

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Ecosystem‐based management of natural resources involves an explicit consideration of trade‐offs among ecosystem services. In marine fisheries, there is the potential for a trade‐off between the supporting role of small pelagic fish and cephalopods in food webs, and the provisioning service they play as a major target of fisheries. Because these species play central roles in food webs by providing a conduit of energy from small prey to upper trophic level predators, we hypothesized that trade‐offs between these two ecosystem services could be predicted based on energetic properties of predator–prey linkages and food‐web structure. We compiled information from 27 marine food‐web models (all within the Ecopath framework) that included either small pelagic fish or cephalopods, described predator–prey linkages involving these species, and developed a novel analytical framework to estimate how changes in yields of forage species would propagate through food webs and other fisheries. Consistent with expectations, diet overlap between predators and prey was generally low, and predator–prey linkages tended to be asymmetric; contribution of these species to predator diets was, on average, larger than the contribution of individual predator stocks to prey mortality. The estimated trade‐offs between yields of forage fish and predator species were highly variable when we assumed joint bottom‐up and top‐down control on predation. Roughly one‐third of this variance was related to an interactive effect of fishing and predation intensity; strong trade‐offs were predicted when fishing intensity on forage species is high and when predators account for a high proportion of total forage mortality. When trophic connections were presumed to be driven by bottom‐up processes, trade‐offs were more predictable, but generally very small. Contrary to our expectations, trade‐offs were not easily predicted from energetic properties, largely because predators of forage species exhibited a high degree of intra‐guild predation, and also consumed many of the same prey as forage species. Given the limited ability to a priori predict the food‐web implications of forage fisheries, we suggest that a precautionary risk‐based approach be applied to decisions about acceptable biological removals of forage fish and biological targets used for their management.

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Prey switching of cod and whiting in the North Sea

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

The adaptation of generalist predators’ diet in a multi‐prey context: insights from new functional responses

The adaptation of generalist predators’ diet in a multi‐prey context: insights from new functional responses

A generalized functional response for predators that switch between multiple prey species

Trade‐offs between supportive and provisioning ecosystem services of forage species in marine food webs

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