“…7 All other things being 6 The average own price elasticity is -0.51 in industrialized countries (Espey, Espey and Shaw, 1997). See also Arbués-Gracia, García-Valiñas and Martínez-Espiñeira (2003), Dalhuisen et al (2003), Ferrara (2007), or Worthington and Hoffman (2008) for comprehensive reviews of residential water demand estimation. 7 Even if water demand has been found inelastic to price in the bulk of water demand studies, household water use, in all cases, do respond significantly to price variation, though in a moderate manner (residential demand equal, Renwick and Archibald (1998) show that the use of one low-flow toilet decreases household water use by 10% while the use of one low-flow showerhead results in a 8% decrease in household water consumption.…”