Price arbitrage using variable-efficiency energy storage

Stochastic Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for a Switched Photovoltaic Battery System

“…The resulting OCPs are solved using various methods including dynamic programming [7], [8], approximate dynamic programming [9], or analytically solving the KKT conditions [10]. In [5], an MPC formulation as a quadratic program is developed while [11] approximates the nonlinearities with piecewise affine functions leading to a mixed integer linear problem. Both transform the problems to be able to use efficient commercially available solvers.…”