“…Except purely theoretical study Song et al (2020), that on the other hand lacks the practical applications of their model, the literature uses well-known basic models for the empirical examination if any. The common approach is to use a linear regression model estimated by ordinary least squares method (see, Ball et al, 1985;Harris, 1991;Hameed and Terry, 1998;ap Gwilym et al, 1998b;Kandel et al, 2001;Chung et al, 2002;Cooney et al, 2003;Schwartz et al, 2004;Ahn et al, 2005;Chung and Chiang, 2006;Ikenberry and Weston, 2008;Chiao and Wang, 2009;Palao and Pardo, 2012;ap Gwilym and Verousis, 2013;Brooks et al, 2013;Davis et al, 2014;Urquhart, 2017;Hu et al, 2017Hu et al, , 2019Baig et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020), or its modifications such as two-stage least squares (see, Mishra and Tripathy, 2018), three-stage least squares (see, Chung et al, 2004Chung et al, , 2005Meng et al, 2013), or robust regressions that eliminate gross outliers (e.g. Mbanga (2019)).…”