Prices of antihypertensive medicines in sub-Saharan Africa and alignment to WHO’s model list of essential medicines

Abstract

Summaryobjective To investigate compliance of National Essential Medicines Lists (NEMLs) with the WHO Essential Medicines List (WHO ⁄ EML) in 2007 and to compare prices of antihypertensive drugs in and between 13 sub-Saharan African countries.methodology Data on NEMLs and drug prices were collected from 65 public and 65 private pharmacies (five of each per country). Prices were compared with the International Drug Price Indicator Guide (IDPIG). The cost of drug treatment within a country was calculated using defined daily doses (DDD) and between countries using DDD prices adjusted for purchasing power parity-based gross domestic product per capita.results All surveyed countries had a NEML. However, none of these lists were in complete alignment with the 2007 WHO ⁄ EML, and 38% had not been updated in the last 5 years. Surveyed medicines were cheaper when on the NEMLs; they were also cheaper in public than in private pharmacies. Prices varied greatly per medicine. A large majority of the public prices were higher than those indicated by the IDPIG. Overall, hydrochlorothiazide is the cheapest drug.conclusion There are substantial differences in NEML composition between the 13 countries. The proportion of NEMLs not regularly updated was double the global United Nations estimates. Prices of WHO ⁄ EML-advised drugs differ greatly between drugs and for each drug within and between countries. In general, the use of drugs on the NEML improves financial accessibility, and these drugs should be prescribed preferentially.

Pharmacotherapy for Preeclampsia in Low and Middle Income Countries: An Analysis of Essential Medicines Lists

“…A study in sub-Saharan Africa Percentage showed a strong presence of oral antihypertensive agents in EMLs, such as hydrochlorothiazide (85%), atenolol (77%), propranolol (92%), and nifedipine (85%), 19 similar to our analysis (90.1%, 87.9%, 90.1%, and 95.6%, respectively).…”

Management of hypertension at the community level in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): towards a rational use of available resources

“…SSA countries (63). In addition, at this low dose, dangerous side effects like hypokalemia (which can induce arrhythmias) are less expected.…”

Promotion of access to essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: practical implications of the UN political declaration

“…37 The list is a guide for national committees that are responsible for identifi cation of the most costeff ective medicines at country level for procurement, reimbursement, and treatment decisions, and helps to focus national eff orts towards universal coverage. A study 38 of 13 sub-Saharan African countries showed that only 38% of national lists were updated in the past 5 years. The investigators noted that antihypertensive drugs on national lists were substantially cheaper than were those not included, underscoring the role of the national list in ensuring fi nancial accessibility.…”