Pricing and ordering strategies in a two-echelon supply chain under price discount policy: a Stackelberg game approach

Das, Rubi; De, Pijus Kanti

doi:10.1080/23270012.2021.1911697

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It was shown that, with linear price-dependent demand, the manufacturer is in an ideal situation, by keeping up exclusive vendors while a retailer has a motivator to manage a few suppliers. A two-layered single manufacturer and single retailer supply chain system has been studied with discount and without discount, policy considering price-sensitive demand (Das et al [30]). Giri et al [31] analyzed the duopoly market where two manufacturers independently produce and sell two corresponding items through a typical retailer using the Stackelberg game.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Pricing and Greening Strategy in a Competitive Green Supply Chain: Impact of Government Subsidy and Tax Policy

Barman

Das

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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With the expanding awareness of worldwide governments to ecological issues, the idea of protecting the environment has been initiated into the supply chain. The role of government in green supply chain management has become especially significant. This paper proposes a green supply chain model with a duopoly structure, in which two manufacturers separately produce green and non-green items sold through a common retailer. The government looks for social advantages and decides subsidies for the green item and taxes for non-green items. Using a centralized and decentralized model, two cases of government interference and no government interference are analyzed with customer green preference. This study focuses on exploring the pricing strategy, greening strategy and comparing the optimal decisions in all the cases to maximize the overall profitability of the supply chain. Numerical results and sensitivity analysis illustrate how the government subsidy on green products and tax policy in non-green products can influence the profitability of supply chain members. The research finding can give valuable experiences to channel members of the supply chain to settle optimum choices with and without government interference by enhancing the green and non-green item market competition. Among the competitive duopoly structure, the centralized model makes more profit and leads to manufactured eco-friendly items.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Pricing and Greening Strategy in a Competitive Green Supply Chain: Impact of Government Subsidy and Tax Policy

Barman

Das

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…As is well known, in a Stackelberg game one player acts first and the other player acts second. Many scholars have used Stackelberg games to investigate price strategies in supply chain management [14][15][16]. Similarly to Li et al [6], we adopted consistent pricing in a dual-channel supply chain.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pricing and Coordination Strategies of Dual Channels Considering Consumers’ Channel Preferences

Wang

Yan

2021

Sustainability

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With the rapid development of electronic commerce, consumers can freely buy the same product from a manufacturers’ Internet channel or a resellers’ physical channel. Based on the consumers’ channel preferences, this article classifies consumers into three types and investigates the price decision in a dual-channel supply chain using a Stackelberg game, which assumes that the manufacturer, as the game leader, first sets the wholesale price, then the reseller decides the retail price, according to the wholesale price. Furthermore, some numerical experiments are developed to investigate the impact of consumer acceptance, the degree of customer loyalty, and the proportion of identical shoppers on prices and profits. The results show that whether both the retail price and the wholesale price rise or fall depends on a combination of the cost of the physical channel and the Internet shopper’s acceptance of the Internet channel. The reseller’s profit is always lower than the manufacturer’s profit. The reseller’s profit is lower and the manufacturer’s profit is higher, compared with that of a traditional single channel supply chain. The numerical experiments showed that when an Internet shopper’s acceptance of an Internet channel is lower, the wholesale price and retail price in the dual channels will increase with an increase of the degree of customer loyalty (the proportion of identical shoppers). The reseller’s profit (the manufacturer’s profit) will reduce (rise) with the augmentation of the Internet shopper’s acceptance of an Internet channel. Finally, we design a revenue-sharing contract that can coordinate the supply chain and implement a win–win strategy for all partners. This work makes some contributions to the research area of coordination in dual-channel supply chains.

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Strategic Analysis of a Dual Channel Green Supply Chain with Return-Refund Facility

Chakraborty

Barman

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Operations Research

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Pricing and ordering strategies in a two-echelon supply chain under price discount policy: a Stackelberg game approach

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Optimal Pricing and Greening Strategy in a Competitive Green Supply Chain: Impact of Government Subsidy and Tax Policy

Optimal Pricing and Greening Strategy in a Competitive Green Supply Chain: Impact of Government Subsidy and Tax Policy

Pricing and Coordination Strategies of Dual Channels Considering Consumers’ Channel Preferences

Strategic Analysis of a Dual Channel Green Supply Chain with Return-Refund Facility

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