Pricing of the Bus-Truck Co-Delivery Mode of Last Mile Delivery Considering Social Welfare Maximization

Abstract

In order to solve the problems of low delivery efficiency and high cost at the end of express delivery, and the impact of express trucks on urban road traffic, the co-delivery mode of trucks and buses is proposed. In this mode, without affecting the normal operation of the bus, it uses the idle resources of the bus to cooperate with the trucks to complete the delivery. The express company pays the bus delivery service fee to the bus operator, so as to improve the revenue of the bus operator. At the same time, the delivery efficiency can be improved, the express delivery cost can be reduced, and the impact of express trucks on urban traffic can be lower. A two-layer optimization model is constructed to solve the bus delivery service pricing and express space-time path selection scheme under the co-delivery mode. An example analysis is carried out through the actual bus routes and express delivery demand in Dalian. The results show that the co-delivery mode can provide consumers with more efficient services, reduce costs for express companies, provide additional revenue for bus operators, and improve social welfare. Unless the timeliness of delivery is extremely considered, the measure of using the co-delivery mode is better than the measure of relaxing restrictions on express delivery vehicles.

A Study on the Recycling Classification Behavior of Express Packaging Based on UTAUT under “Dual Carbon” Targets

“…First, we consider express logistics research. He, YZ [30] proposed a truck-and-bus co-delivery model in order to solve the problems of low efficiency and high cost associated with express end-delivery, as well as the impact of express delivery vehicles on urban road traffic. A two-level optimization model was constructed to solve the pricing of bus delivery services and the express spatiotemporal path selection scheme under the co-delivery model.…”

Evolution, Challenges, and Opportunities of Transportation Methods in the Last-Mile Delivery Process

“…The specific identification keywords are listed in Table 1. It is worth mentioning that transportation modes with a frequency of less than four, such as buses [18], taxis [19,20], or baby prams [21], are interesting transportation options. Although they are not discussed in this article, we believe that these transportation methods are also indispensable in the LMD field.…”

Lack of Collaboration on the CEP Market and the Underlying Reasons—A Systematic Literature Review

“…During the parcel delivery process, the service provider gathers the parcels to be delivered, arranges them by area, and then uses smaller trucks to deliver them to the recipients. The CEP market has already grown considerably, and it is now a significant sector that directly affects citizens' quality of life [16]. However, the presence of logistics delivery trucks will undoubtedly have a detrimental effect on urban road traffic, as evidenced by an increase in congestion, a rise in the environmental burden of traffic, a decrease in road safety, and a strain on automobile drivers' workloads [17].…”

“…Although the model included real data, the authors note that the results achieved could be further improved by refining the details of the deliveries. Another example of the involvement of public transport in the last mile delivery market is the use of buses [16]. The authors of [16] studied the cooperation between the state and the last mile service providers using a two-layer optimization model.…”

“…Another example of the involvement of public transport in the last mile delivery market is the use of buses [16]. The authors of [16] studied the cooperation between the state and the last mile service providers using a two-layer optimization model. The model simulated cooperation using one-day live data of a Chinese city, which resulted in a significant reduction in the costs of the last mile service provider, while the state gained revenue.…”