“…The presence of negative emotional appeals is smaller among advertising messages, as research reveals that positive ones have a wider range of marketing benefits (Czarnecka & Mogaji, 2019;Deborah & Nicole, 2009;Dens & De Pelsmacker, 2010;Zheng, 2020) (see Table 2). The literature is divided about the effectiveness of negative emotional appeals, some authors assert that they might produce negative associations with the brand (Berger & Milkman, 2012;Evans, Adamo & Czarnecka, 2019), while others explain that negative feelings can bring good advertising appraisal and attitudes towards the product (Brennan & Binney, 2010;Coleman, Royne & Pounders, 2020;Coulter & Pinto, 1995;Grossman & Wood, 1993). Studies even suggest that sometimes messages featuring negative appeals are more effective than those containing positive ones (Basil, Ridgeway & Basil, 2006;Giachino et al, 2017;Kemp, Kennett-Hensel & Kees, 2013;Krishen & Bui, 2015;Wang, 2008).…”