Primary Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report

Gao, Na; Lj, Li; Y, Li; Wang, L

doi:10.1177/147323000803600633

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Hematological and lymphatic metastases occur most commonly in the early stages of the pathogenesis of PMME, which leads to a very poor prognosis for the patient. The usual clinical course is for widespread metastases to occur followed by a rapid deterioration in the general state of health of the patient and a premature death; 10 our data revealed similar results. The most common site of metastasis reported previously was the liver, followed by the mediastinum, mediastinal lymph nodes, lung, and brain 2 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…According to the generally accepted diagnostic criteria of primary melanoma that was proposed by Allen and Spitz, 8 malignant melanomas are considered to be primary in origin when the mass has a characteristic structure of melanoma that contains melanin, the adjacent epithelium contains melanocytes, the tumor is polypoid, and the tumor arises from the area of junctional changes in the squamous epithelium 8 . Recently, immunohistochemical staining, which utilizes antibodies that are specific to HMB‐45 and/or S‐100 cytoplasmic protein, has been used to identify malignant melanoma within the esophagus 9,10 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Recently, immunohistochemical staining, which utilizes antibodies that are specific to HMB-45 and/or S-100 cytoplasmic protein, has been used to identify malignant melanoma within the esophagus. 9,10 Hematological and lymphatic metastases occur most commonly in the early stages of the pathogenesis of PMME, which leads to a very poor prognosis for the patient. The usual clinical course is for widespread metastases to occur followed by a rapid deterioration in the general state of health of the patient and a premature death; 10 our data revealed similar results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a study of clinical features, pathology, management and prognosis

Yu¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2010

Diseases of the Esophagus

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Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a rare disease that is characterized by aggressive invasion, early metastasis, and poor prognosis. Treatment protocols are not well-established. To understand this condition more precisely, we performed a retrospective review of eight cases of PMME diagnosed at the Thoracic Department of the Cancer Center at Sun Yat-Sen University between 1985 and 2009. Eight PMME patients (five men and three women) with a mean age of 58 years (range: 48 to 72 years) were included. Dysphagia was the most common presenting symptom. All patients underwent an Ivor-Lewis esophagogastrectomy and lymph node dissection with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. One patient with stage III/pT4N0M0 underwent postoperative chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. Four patients died of distant metastases. The median survival time was 28 months (range: 11 months to 6 years). Our data confirm that PMME is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. If the diagnosis is suspected or confirmed as PMME, and the patients have no distal metastases or extensive lymph node enlargement, we suggest that surgery should be the first choice of treatment. With regard to adjuvant therapy, we recommend the addition of chemotherapy. The role of radiotherapy remains questionable and requires further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a study of clinical features, pathology, management and prognosis

Yu¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2010

Diseases of the Esophagus

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“…The presence of rare melanocytes in the parotid gland is typically explained by its development from invaginating oral epithelium, which is known to contain melanoblasts (Greene and Bernier 1961;Takeda 1997). One requirement for the Table 2 Characteristics of cases of parotid melanoma of unknown primary from a comprehensive literature search Bahar et al (1990), Balm et al (1994), Barbieri et al (2002), Bussi et al (1999), Gao et al (2008), Greene and Bernier (1961), Jennings et al (1996), Jorgensen (1953, Karpowicz et al (2011), Laudadio et al (1984, Lussier et al (2000), Mesa et al (2009), Nichols et al (1980, Pain et al (1986), Prayson and Sebek (2000), Renaut (1996), Schroeder and Stahr (1998), Tsutsumida et al (2008), Wang et al (1999), Woodwards et al (1993) ND neck dissection, RT radiation therapy (2) Dead (3) diagnosis of a primary parotid melanoma states that the bulk of the tumor should be located in the parotid parenchyma and contains no identifiable LN tissue (Woodwards et al 1993). In our study, roughly half of all PMUP were histologically documented in the parotid parenchyma, suggesting that some cases may have represented primary parotid melanomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parotid melanoma of unknown primary

Scott

Thompson

Vyas

et al. 2016

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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“…To our knowledge, there is only one previous case report of AMM primary to the parotid gland. The patient in question underwent treatment involving total parotidectomy; however, the patient died five months after surgery due to extensive metastases (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parotid Gland Primary Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma

Ertugay¹,

Altaner²

2016

Istanbul Med J

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Primary malignant melanomas (MMs) of the parotid gland are extremely rare. Only a few cases have been published in the literature; also, only one report has been published regarding a primary amelanotic malignant melanoma (AMM) of the parotid gland. AMM is an extremely rare tumor, and immunohistochemical analysis is needed to differentiate the diagnosis.In this report, we present an AMM in the parotid gland, with no other primary lesions detected. Case ReportAn 80-year-old man presented to our clinic in December 2013 with a very large, painless, round, hard, fixed mass in the right parotid region that had been present for five months and had recently increased rapidly in size, accompanied by bleeding and a bad smell (Figure 1). Informed consent was obtained from the patient.Four months previously, the patient had presented to another clinic with a painless mass in the right parotid region. There was no skin lesion at that time. A fine needle biopsy was performed. The pathology results indicated that the mass was a malignant tumor, and the surgeon suggested total parotidectomy; however, the patient was afraid of surgery and did not seek medical attention again until the mass started to bleed. Physical examination revealed a hard, bleeding, malignant mass which was attached to the underlying soft tissue.Cervicofacial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a parotid mass measuring 82 × 43 × 34 mm with an undefined boundary. Also, the MRI showed pathological cervical nodes, the largest of which was measured to be 16 × 12 mm (Figure 1).There was no functional impairment of the facial nerve.The patient's laboratory results were normal. Subsequently, the patient underwent an incisional biopsy. Histopathological examination of the specimen fixed in buffered formalin along with immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the lesion to be an AMM. Microscopically, there was no evidence of a lymph node structure in the main tumor. The melanocytes formed groups and invaded the parotid tissue. The tumor cells had enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli (Figure 2).Immunohistochemical expression of S100 protein and human melanoma black 45 (HMB45) analysis gave positive results, while expression of cytokeratin (CK-10) was positive in some areas. Parotid Gland Primary Amelanotic Malignant MelanomaAmelanotic malignant melanoma (AMM) represents only 2%-8% of all malignant melanomas, and primary AMM of the parotid gland is very rarely diagnosed. This is the second case of primary AMM of the parotid gland in the literature. The aim of this report is to discuss our case and this rare entity. The detection of AMM is very complex because the pathology results can be confused with those for inflammatory processes and benign and malignant tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of S100 protein and human melanoma black 45 (HMB45) analysis provides guidance in the differential diagnosis of AMM. In this report, we present a rapidly growing amelanotic malignant melanoma in the parotid gland. Examination of the patient and radiological...

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Primary Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a study of clinical features, pathology, management and prognosis

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a study of clinical features, pathology, management and prognosis

Parotid melanoma of unknown primary

Parotid Gland Primary Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma

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