Primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the central nervous system in a child

Abstract

Introduction: To report the clinical characteristics of primary central nervous system T-cell lymphoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1 (ALK-1) positive in an 8-year-old male. Patient concerns: The patient presented cognitive impairment, dizziness, vomiting, fever, and convulsions during the disease, followed by progressive and persistent severe headache, progressive increase of intracranial pressure, indifference, disorder of consciousness, mild increase in white blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid, progressive decrease of sugar, progressive increase of protein, abnormal signal of left parietal-occipital, local meningeal enhancement, and cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Diagnosis: He was diagnosed with ALK-1-positive central nervous system T-cell lymphoma. Interventions: Meropenem and vancomycin were administered to counter the infection, while dexamethasone alleviated the inflammation. Outcomes: The patient died of cerebral hernia due to intracranial hypertension in the eighth week of the disease. Conclusions: PCNS ALK-1-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is extremely rare. Also, it is difficult to distinguish from central meningeal lymphoma and central nervous system infection, which might lead to delayed diagnosis. However, early diagnosis depends on the pathological diagnosis of brain tissue biopsy.

Recurrence of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in the Frontal Lobe After Eleven Years of the Initial Diagnosis: Histopathological Findings and Prognosis

“…Involvement of the brain parenchyma in cases of ALK + ALCL is a rare event, with few reports of primary involvement 3 4 5 6 7 and even fewer of secondary involvement. 8 9 10 One study 11 analyzed the ALCL99 database, which comprises data on 618 patients with confirmed CNS biopsy between 1999 and 2017, involving 175 centers across 11 European countries and Japan.…”

Pediatric Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma with Concomitant Involvement of Spine and Central Nervous System: A Case Report and Review of Literature

“…CNS involvement in children with ALCL is also extremely rare, both as primary and secondary localization: in an international study of systemic childhood ALCL [21], CNS disease was recognized in only 2.6% of cases, most of them being secondary involvement. After a review of English literature, we identified 23 pediatric cases of primary CNS ALCL (Table 4) [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Age ranged from 23 months to 18 years (median 11 years).…”

Primary central nervous system anaplastic large cell lymphoma in children: Case presentation and systematic review of literature

“…Only other nine pediatric cases of primary CNS ALCL were reported in literature (Supporting Materials, Supplemental Table S1). [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In five out of nine, the initial clinical suspicion concerned an infectious disease (Supporting Material S2).…”