Primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling pathways in higher plant cells

Abstract

Antioxidants in plant cells mainly include glutathione, ascorbate, tocopherol, proline, betaine and others, which are also information-rich redox buffers and important redox signaling components that interact with cellular compartments. As an unfortunate consequence of aerobic life for higher plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed by partial reduction of molecular oxygen. The above enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plant cells can protect their cells from oxidative damage by scavenging ROS. In addition to crucial roles in defense system and as enzyme cofactors, antioxidants influence higher plant growth and development by modifying processes from miotosis and cell elongation to senescence and death. Most importantly, they provide essential information on cellular redox state, and regulate gene expression associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses to optimize defense and survival. An overview of the literature is presented in terms of primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling in plant cells. Special attention is given to ROS and ROS-anioxidant interaction as a metabolic interface for different types of signals derived from metabolisms and from the changing environment. This interaction regulates the appropriate induction of acclimation processes or execution of cell death programs, which are the two essential directions for higher plant cells.

Phytoremediation of Cadmium‐Contaminated Soil by Two Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Genotypes

“…However, a lot of studies have focused on the metal tolerance and metal concentration in hyperaccumulator tissues [39,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], but ignored the biomass production, which limited the applicability of results in terms of actual phytoextraction. For example, fast-growing plant as poplar (Populus deltoids  Populus nigra) exhibited high phytoextraction efficiency with high biomass production (Tab.…”

A critical review on the bio-removal of hazardous heavy metals from contaminated soils: Issues, progress, eco-environmental concerns and opportunities

“…Furthermore, technique of genetic engineering in microbes is easier and more mature than in plant cells. Therefore, using transgenic technology to create an optimum plant + soil + microbes combination would be a promising way in the future development [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Glutathione in plants: biosynthesis and physiological role in environmental stress tolerance

“…This mutant showed hyposensitivity to ABA (abscisic acid) during seed germination which was associated with higher accumulation of GSH. It also reduced stomatal aperture and transpiration rate and performed better root and vegetative development which were attributed due to higher GSH and ABA levels (Shao et al 2008).…”

“…The various biochemical properties of GSH give it the potential for involvement in plant growth and development, both under normal growing conditions and under different stress conditions. Glutathione modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, fibrogenesis, growth, development, the cell cycle, gene expression, protein activity and immune function (Noctor and Foyer 1998;Ogawa 2005;Shao et al 2008;Nahar et al 2015a).…”