Primary Antirabies Immunization of Man with HEP Flury Virus Vaccine

Ruegsegger, James M.; Black, Jack; Sharpless, George R.

doi:10.2105/ajph.51.5.706

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In laboratory experiments, however, immunized red foxes, grey foxes, and dogs with titres greater than 1: 5 but less than 1: 125 generally survive even severe challenge; even animals with titres less than 1: 5 have resisted challenge; (Dean, Evans & Thompson 1964;Schmidt & Sikes 1968;Black & Lawson 1970). Neutralizing antibody in apparently healthy animals has been attributed to incipient disease, acute, chronic, abortive, subclinical, or latent infections (Ruegsegger, Black & Sharpless 1961;Bell 1966Bell , 1975, localized (intramuscular) replication of the virus (Baer 1975b), ingestion of infected material (Ramsden & Johnston 1975), or bite exposure (Serokowa 1969).…”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Rabies: Evidence of Co-Adaptation

Carey¹,

McLean²

1983

The Journal of Applied Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Applied Ecology. SUMMARY(1) Currently accepted rabies lore suggests that: (a) rabies is a uniformly fatal disease that causes decimating epizootics; (b) the existence of immune subpopulations of hosts and the immunological nature of rabies-virus-inhibiting substances in the blood of wild vertebrates is questionable; and (c) models can explain observed patterns of incidence without consideration of immune subpopulations or co-adaptations between the virus and its hosts.(2) The objective of this paper is to explore the idea that rabies virus does persist in traditional host-parasite relationships that exhibit varying degrees of co-adaptation.(3) Review of the literature is used to summarize current knowledge of the ecology of infectious diseases, the genetics and pathogenesis of rabies virus, the nature of vertebrate immune response to rabies virus under experimental conditions, and the nature of persistent rabies virus-host associations.(4) Unpublished data on rabies virus and immune responses in wild populations of mustelids, canids, marsupials, and bats is presented.(5) It is well documented that: (a) vertebrates can become immune through laboratory exposure to rabies; (b) natural infections can also induce immune responses; (c) rabies-neutralizing substances in some wild vertebrates confer significant resistance to infection.(6) It is shown that rabies virus persists in diverse ecological communities and that patterns of diseases differ among these communities.(7) Differences in patterns include mode of transmission, prevalence of infection, and the proportion of the host population that is immune.(8) Differences in patterns can be related to differences in the host populations, especially differences in population density and life history traits.(9) There is suggestive evidence that: (a) landscape effects (habitat quality and habitat pattern) are important in maintaining persistent virus-host associations; and that (b) rabies is opportunistic, forming dynamic host associations that may change rapidly through time.(10) Consideration of immune subpopulations does not invalidate, but can enhance, mathematical models of patterns of rabies incidence.(11) Improved virological and immunological techniques are now sufficient to permit effective investigation of some heretofore unaddressable aspects of rabies ecology.(12) It is emphasized that current knowledge of rabies ecology is based to a large extent on unverified or anecdotal data and is fragmentary; caution should be used in making assumptions in planning research, choosing control strategies, or formulating models.

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Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Rabies: Evidence of Co-Adaptation

Carey¹,

McLean²

1983

The Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Abortive rabies infection associated with rabies virus has been described previously in North America in raccoon hunters, fox trappers, veterinary college staff and students, and speleologists. [5][6][7] ABLV has caused abortive infections in dogs, cats and bats. 8 Confirmation of positive titres using two tests (RFFIT and ELISA) adds more weight to the results being a true positive.…”

Section: Antibodies To Australian Bat Lyssavirus In An Asymptomatic Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to Australian bat lyssavirus in an asymptomatic bat carer

Speare

Luly

Reimers

et al. 2013

Internal Medicine Journal

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“…These avian embryo vaccines are free of brain tissue and thus of the risk of inducing paralytic accident (see below). The HEP (high egg passage Flury) vaccine (Fox et al, 1957;Sharpless et al, 1957;Ruegsegger et al, 1961), made in the same way as the Flury canine (low egg passage) vaccine, has been widely used for prophylactic vaccination. Although HEP is a live virus vaccine, the virus does not multiply in man and the response depends only on the antigen mass administered.…”

Section: Vaccines Used In Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…veterinarians and their assistants in enzootic areas. Ruegsegger et al (1961) found that with even the best schedule of doses, HEP vaccine produced anitbody in 80-90 per cent of recipients. Atanasiu et al (1961) showed that antibody responses were best when there was an interval of 20 days between two of the doses.…”

Section: Prophylactic Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Symposium—III. Aspects of Rabies in Man

Smith

1964

J of Small Animal Practice

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Abstract— The author reviews rabies in man. Reference is made to sources of infection, the course of the disease in man, prophylactic vaccination, post‐infection prophylaxis and possible complications. Résumé— –L'auteur examine la question de la rage chez l'homme: sources d'infection, évolution de la maladie, vaccination prophylactique, prophylaxie après contage et complications possibles. Zusammenfassung— Der Verfasser bespricht das Auftreten von Tollwut bei Menschen. Er weist auf die Infektionsquellen hin, beschreibt den Verlauf der Krankheit bei Menschen, vorbeugende Impfungen, Vorbeugungsmassnahmen nach einer Infektion und mögliche Komplikationen.

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Primary Antirabies Immunization of Man with HEP Flury Virus Vaccine

Abstract: The circumstance that rabies is potentially an increasing threat to certain population groups has led to efforts to develop a safe means for primary immunization. The

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

The Ecology of Rabies: Evidence of Co-Adaptation

The Ecology of Rabies: Evidence of Co-Adaptation

Antibodies to Australian bat lyssavirus in an asymptomatic bat carer

Rabies Symposium—III. Aspects of Rabies in Man

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