Primary blast waves induced brain dynamics influenced by head orientations

Hua, Yi; Wang, Yugang; Gu, Linxia

doi:10.1007/s13534-017-0027-2

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Besides, head orientation affects the brain responses and the protective effects of helmet and goggles. However, similar with previous studies, 15,50 the general distributions of brain responses are similar among the three head orientations: at coup regions, brain and CSF undergo positive pressures and at the contrecoup regions, they undergo negative pressures. In addition the pressure distributions in the brain are not affected by the anatomical features (sulci and gyri), which is different to those in impact induced brain responses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Protective Performance of Helmets and Goggles in Mitigating Brain Biomechanical Response to Primary Blast Exposure

Ghajari

2022

Ann Biomed Eng

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The current combat helmets are primarily designed to mitigate blunt impacts and ballistic loadings. Their protection against primary blast wave is not well studied. In this paper, we comprehensively assessed the protective capabilities of the advanced combat helmet and goggles against blast waves with different intensity and directions. Using a high-fidelity human head model, we compared the intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cavitation, and brain strain and strain rate predicted from bare head, helmet-head and helmet-goggles-head simulations. The helmet was found to be effective in mitigating the positive ICP (24–57%) and strain rate (5–34%) in all blast scenarios. Goggles were found to be effective in mitigating the positive ICP in frontal (6–16%) and lateral (5–7%) blast exposures. However, the helmet and goggles had minimal effects on mitigating CSF cavitation and even increased brain strain. Further investigation showed that wearing a helmet leads to higher risk of cavitation. In addition, their presence increased the head kinetic energy, leading to larger strains in the brain. Our findings can improve our understanding of the protective effects of helmets and goggles and guide the design of helmet pads to mitigate brain responses to blast.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Protective Performance of Helmets and Goggles in Mitigating Brain Biomechanical Response to Primary Blast Exposure

Ghajari

2022

Ann Biomed Eng

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“…Therefore, the deficits observed may not be as drastic as that documented by some previous studies in which the injuries were caused by more intense or multiple exposures (Cho et al 2013b;Du et al 2013;Luo et al 2014aLuo et al , 2014bMahmood et al 2014), often resulting in death or tympanic membrane rupture. The distribution of injuries also differed from models in which blast exposure comes from different orientations, as predicted in animals (Chavko et al 2011;Dal Cengio Leonardi et al 2012) and computational studies (Hua et al 2017;Unnikrishnan et al 2019). These differences in pressure wave amplitude, duration, and propagation patterns would affect both the distribution and severity of damage across the brain.…”

Section: Lasting Changes From a Single Mild Blastmentioning

confidence: 82%

Longitudinal auditory pathophysiology following mild blast-induced trauma

Han

Fernandez

Swanberg

et al. 2021

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Blast-induced hearing difficulties affect thousands of veterans and civilians. The long-term impact of even a mild blast exposure on the central auditory system is hypothesized to contribute to lasting behavioral complaints associated with mild blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI). Although recovery from mild blast has been studied separately over brief or long time windows, few, if any, studies have investigated recovery longitudinally over short-term and longer-term (months) time windows. Specifically, many peripheral measures of auditory function either recover or exhibit subclinical deficits, masking deficits in processing complex, real-world stimuli that may recover differently. Thus, examining the acute time course and pattern of neurophysiological impairment using appropriate stimuli is critical to better understanding and intervention of bTBI-induced auditory system impairments. Here, we compared auditory brainstem response, middle-latency auditory evoked potentials, and envelope following responses. Stimuli were clicks, tone pips, amplitude modulated tones in quiet and in noise, and speech-like stimuli (iterated rippled noise pitch contours) in adult male rats subjected to mild blast and sham exposure over the course of two months. We found that blast animals demonstrated drastic threshold increases and auditory transmission deficits immediately after blast exposure, followed by substantial recovery during the window of 7-14 days post-blast, though with some deficits remaining even after two months. Challenging conditions and speech-like stimuli can better elucidate mild bTBI-induced auditory deficit during this period. Our results suggest multiphasic recovery and therefore potentially different time windows for treatment, and deficits can be best observed using a small battery of sound stimuli.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Therefore, the deficits observed may be as drastic as that documented by many previous studies in which the injuries were caused by more intense or multiple exposures (Cho et al, 2013b; Du et al, 2013; Luo et al, 2014a, 2014b; Mahmood et al, 2014), often resulting in death or tympanic membrane rupture. The distribution of injuries, neural networks impairment, and potential mechanisms would also differ from models in which blast exposure comes from different orientations, as predicted by pressure wave transmission and strain propagation in animals (Chavko et al, 2011; Dal Cengio Leonardi et al, 2012; Hua et al, 2017) and computational studies (Unnikrishnan et al, 2019). Our model utilized a top-down mild blast model as described by Song et al (2015) which exerts a blast impact from the top of the skull.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of injuries, neural networks impairment, and potential mechanisms would also differ from models in which blast exposure comes from different orientations, as predicted by pressure wave transmission and strain propagation in animals (Chavko et al, 2011;Dal Cengio Leonardi et al, 2012;Hua et al, 2017) and computational studies (Unnikrishnan et al, 2019). Our model utilized a top-down mild blast model as described by Song et al (2015) which exerts a blast impact from the top of the skull.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Auditory Pathophysiology Following Mild Blast Induced Trauma

Han¹,

Fernandez²,

Swanberg³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Blast-induced hearing difficulties affect thousands of veterans and civilians. The long-term impact of even a mild blast exposure on the central auditory system (CAS) is hypothesized to contribute to many lasting behavioral complaints associated with mild blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI). Although recovery from mild blast has been studied over different time windows, few, if any, studies have investigated recovery longitudinally over short-term and longer-term (months) time windows. Specifically, many peripheral measures of auditory function either recover almost fully or exhibit subclinical deficits, thus masking deficits in processing complex, real-world stimuli that may recover with different time courses. Thus, examining the acute time course and pattern of neurophysiological impairment using appropriate stimuli is critical to better understanding and intervention of bTBI-induced auditory system impairments. In this study, we compared auditory brainstem response, middle-latency auditory evoked potentials, and envelope following responses. Stimuli were clicks, tone pips, amplitude modulated tones in quiet and in noise, and speech-like stimuli (iterated rippled noise pitch contours) in adult male rats subjected to mild blast and sham exposure over the course of two months. We found that blast animals demonstrated drastic threshold increases and auditory transmission deficits immediately after blast exposure, followed by substantial recovery during the window of 7-14 days post-blast, though with some deficits remaining even after two months. Challenging conditions and speech-like stimuli can better elucidate mild bTBI-induced auditory deficit during this period. Our results indicated multiphasic recovery, suggesting different time windows for treatment, and deficits can be best observed using a small battery of sound stimuli.

show abstract

Primary blast waves induced brain dynamics influenced by head orientations

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Protective Performance of Helmets and Goggles in Mitigating Brain Biomechanical Response to Primary Blast Exposure

Protective Performance of Helmets and Goggles in Mitigating Brain Biomechanical Response to Primary Blast Exposure

Longitudinal auditory pathophysiology following mild blast-induced trauma

Longitudinal Auditory Pathophysiology Following Mild Blast Induced Trauma

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