Primary Cerebral T-Cell Lymphoma in a Sea Otter (&lt;i&gt;Enhydra lutris&lt;/i&gt;)

Tanaka, Natsuki; Izawa, Takeshi; Kashiwagi-Yamamoto, Emi; Kuwamura, Mitsuru; Ozaki, Miki; Nakao, Tatsuko; Yamate, Jyoji

doi:10.1292/jvms.13-0331

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…When affecting humans, this type of cancer is caused by a virus and usually occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. In the sea otter, however, no virus was found, and the pathogenesis remains to be clarified (Tanaka et al, ).…”

Section: Cancer Across the Tree Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life

et al. 2018

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Cancer is a disease of multicellularity; it originates when cells become dysregulated due to mutations and grow out of control, invading other tissues and provoking discomfort, disability, and eventually death. Human life expectancy has greatly increased in the last two centuries, and consequently so has the incidence of cancer. However, how cancer patterns in humans compare to those of other species remains largely unknown. In this review, we search for clues about cancer and its evolutionary underpinnings across the tree of life. We discuss data from a wide range of species, drawing comparisons with humans when adequate, and interpret our findings from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude that certain cancers are uniquely common in humans, such as lung, prostate, and testicular cancer; while others are common across many species. Lymphomas appear in almost every animal analysed, including in young animals, which may be related to pathogens imposing selection on the immune system. Cancers unique to humans may be due to our modern environment or may be evolutionary accidents: random events in the evolution of our species. Finally, we find that cancer‐resistant animals such as whales and mole‐rats have evolved cellular mechanisms that help them avoid neoplasia, and we argue that there are multiple natural routes to cancer resistance.

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Section: Cancer Across the Tree Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, ulcerative gastritis has been described by Simpson [ 17 ] in Eurasian otter and has been related to stress factors. Neoplastic lymphoid proliferations, involving mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal, and/or cerebral tissues, have been rarely reported in otters, including sea otter ( Enhydra lutris ) [ 57 , 58 ], Asian small clawed otter ( Aonyx cinerea ) [ 59 ], North American river otter ( Lontra canadensis ) [ 60 ], and Eurasian otter ( L. lutra ) [ 61 ]. In our study, one male, road-killed otter showed histological features of multicentric lymphoma involving multiple lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and adrenal glands, although freezing of the carcass did not allow for proper immunophenotyping of the lymphoid population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Mortality Monitoring in Threatened Mammals: A First Post Mortem Study of Otters (Lutra lutra L.) in Italy

Fusillo¹,

Romanucci

Marcelli³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Dead specimens provide valuable data for the conservation of threatened species, allowing investigations of mortality, health conditions, and demographic parameters. The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a semiaquatic carnivore listed as endangered in Italy. In 2009, we started the first post mortem (PM) study of otters in Italy, through collaborative research between mammal ecologists and veterinary pathologists, using standardized protocols. Twenty-eight otters, mostly collected between 2009 and 2017, were examined. Most otters were males (67%), between 1 and 3 years old (64%), and predominantly in good nutritional condition. Adult males were significantly larger than adult females (p < 0.02), as expected for the species, although both sexes appeared to be smaller than otters examined in Central–northern Europe. The youngest sexually mature female was 3 years old. Road traffic collisions were the major cause of death, especially in young individuals, and mainly occurred in autumn–winter, particularly for females. Investigations of the scene of death contributed to revealing factors forcing otters to travel out of the water and move over the road, suggesting appropriate measures to reduce vehicle collision risk. Other causes of death included blunt chest trauma of uncertain origin, dog and conspecific attacks, or diseases of infectious or non-infectious origin, such as ulcerative gastritis, pleuropneumonia and peritonitis. Other diagnosed diseases included lymphoma. Ecto- and endoparasites were rarely detected, although we report the first documentation of heartworm and Ixodes hexagonus infestation in Italian otters. It is important to continue comprehensive, standardized PM investigations of otters in Italy to define baseline health, biometric and demographic parameters, collect biological samples for comparative analyses, and to reduce road-kill mortality. The present study suggests that the timely collection of carcasses and collaborative and coordinated research efforts are essential for obtaining useful data for the conservation of otters.

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“…T-cell gastrointestinal lymphoma has also been reported in a Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) (Bartlett et al, 2010). T-cell lymphoma in a sea otter (Enhydra lutris) was found as a primary cerebral lesion (Tanaka et al, 2013). This sea otter presented with convulsions, arrhythmia, anorexia, and labored breathing before being found dead one week later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Splenic T-cell lymphoma in a North American River Otter (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>)

et al. 2020

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Background: Splenic lymphoma is commonly reported in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorious furo), but very rarely reported in wild Mustelidae species, including otters. One report described B-cell splenic lymphoma in an Asian smallclawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) that metastasized and was the primary reasoning for humane euthanasia (Stedman and Mills, 2014).Case Description: The current report describes a case of splenic T-cell lymphoma in a captive North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). The otter died several weeks after splenectomy and no evidence of metastasis was found on gross necropsy or histopathological evaluation.Conclusion: The splenectomy performed on this individual was presumptively curative for its splenic lymphoma. Extensive myocardial fibrosis was found, and suspected to have caused severe cardiac arrhythmia leading to acute death. Keywords: Fibrosis, Mustelid, Neoplasia, Splenectomy

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Primary Cerebral T-Cell Lymphoma in a Sea Otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>)

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life

From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life

Health and Mortality Monitoring in Threatened Mammals: A First Post Mortem Study of Otters (Lutra lutra L.) in Italy

Splenic T-cell lymphoma in a North American River Otter (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>)

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