Primary deposition and early diagenetic effects on the high saturation accumulation of gas hydrate in a silt dominated reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico

Johnson, Joel E.; MacLeod, Douglas R.; Phillips, Stephen C.; Phillips, Marcie Purkey; Divins, David

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106718

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…This hydrate-forming source gas originates from the deeper sedimentary sequences (source rocks of feed gas) and has been formed by thermogenic activities [20,21], such as thermal cracking [22]. Thermogenic CH 4 has not only been found within Arctic circumpolar GH accumulations in the Beaufort Sea and Russia [8], but also at the thermogenic basins lying between upper continental slopes and deep water sags, such as the Gulf of Mexico [23] and the South China Sea [24,25].…”

Section: Introduction 1arctic Permafrost-associated Gas Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Coastal Sub-Permafrost Gas Hydrate Formation in the Mackenzie Delta, Canadian Arctic

Spangenberg

Schicks

et al. 2022

Energies

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The Mackenzie Delta (MD) is a permafrost-bearing region along the coasts of the Canadian Arctic which exhibits high sub-permafrost gas hydrate (GH) reserves. The GH occurring at the Mallik site in the MD is dominated by thermogenic methane (CH4), which migrated from deep conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, very likely through the present fault systems. Therefore, it is assumed that fluid flow transports dissolved CH4 upward and out of the deeper overpressurized reservoirs via the existing polygonal fault system and then forms the GH accumulations in the Kugmallit–Mackenzie Bay Sequences. We investigate the feasibility of this mechanism with a thermo–hydraulic–chemical numerical model, representing a cross section of the Mallik site. We present the first simulations that consider permafrost formation and thawing, as well as the formation of GH accumulations sourced from the upward migrating CH4-rich formation fluid. The simulation results show that temperature distribution, as well as the thickness and base of the ice-bearing permafrost are consistent with corresponding field observations. The primary driver for the spatial GH distribution is the permeability of the host sediments. Thus, the hypothesis on GH formation by dissolved CH4 originating from deeper geological reservoirs is successfully validated. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the permafrost has been substantially heated to 0.8–1.3 °C, triggered by the global temperature increase of about 0.44 °C and further enhanced by the Arctic Amplification effect at the Mallik site from the early 1970s to the mid-2000s.

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Section: Introduction 1arctic Permafrost-associated Gas Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Coastal Sub-Permafrost Gas Hydrate Formation in the Mackenzie Delta, Canadian Arctic

Spangenberg

Schicks

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…Lu et al, 2011). Many simulation experiments of gas hydrate formation have demonstrated that particle size significantly affects the pore habit (Daigle & Dugan, 2011;Johnson et al, 2022;Lei et al, 2019;Mi et al, 2022) and permeability of gas hydrate-bearing sediment layers (Dai & Seol, 2014;G. Li et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sediment particle size plays an important role in gas hydrate formation and enrichment (Boswell & Collett, 2006; Dai et al., 2012; Ito et al., 2015; Lei et al., 2019; H. Lu et al., 2011). Many simulation experiments of gas hydrate formation have demonstrated that particle size significantly affects the pore habit (Daigle & Dugan, 2011; Johnson et al., 2022; Lei et al., 2019; Mi et al., 2022) and permeability of gas hydrate‐bearing sediment layers (Dai & Seol, 2014; G. Li et al., 2017). The pore habit and permeability of gas‐hydrate‐bearing sediment layers determine the reservoir space of gas hydrates and the migration capacity of gas and fluid, which controls the formation and enrichment of gas hydrates (Lai et al., 2018; G. Li et al., 2020; Mohammadmoradi & Kantzas, 2018; Murphy et al., 2020; Ren et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Effect of Particle Size on Gas Hydrate Enrichment in Fine‐Grained Sediments

Bai,

Su,

et al. 2024

Earth and Space Science

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The particle size of sediments below the seabed is a crucial factor affecting the formation and enrichment of gas hydrates. Apart from the formation and enrichment law of gas hydrate in coarse‐grained sediments (dominated by a sandy‐sized fraction), in the fine‐grained sediments (<62.5 μm) which accounts for more than 90% of offshore gas hydrate resources globally, the control effect of sediment particle size on gas hydrate is still unclear. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the fine‐grained sediment particle size and gas hydrate enrichment is essential for revealing the global distribution and dynamic evolution of gas hydrates. Here, we analyzed the vertical gas hydrate saturation, particle size parameters of sediments, whole‐rock minerals, and clay mineral components based on drilling data and sediment samples from fine‐grained gas hydrate reservoirs (GHRs) in the Shenhu area of the northern South China Sea. The results show that in fine‐grained sediments, the coarse particles cannot improve the reservoir quality or enrich the gas hydrate because many fine particles fill the intergranular pores formed by the coarse particles. Meanwhile, the fine particles were dominated by clay minerals, especially in the illite/smectite mixed layer, which significantly reduced the permeability of the sediment layer and was not conducive to the enrichment of gas hydrates. Moreover, sedimentary processes directly control the sediment particle size and mineral composition, which play an essential role in controlling GHRs at the macroscale. In the fine‐grained sediments, very fine sediments (<8 μm) have a more significant negative impact on gas hydrate enrichment.

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“…As a new type of clean energy source, natural gas hydrates have a wide distribution, large reserves, and high energy density, and they have recently attracted extensive interest worldwide [4][5][6]. At present, scholars have conducted research on stratigraphic subsidence in the Gulf of Mexico, the Yuling Basin in South Korea, the KG Basin in India, and the Nankai Trough in Japan [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Evolution Law of Wellbore Stability Interface during Drilling of Offshore Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

Li,

Sun,

et al. 2023

Energies

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The study of wellbore stability in offshore gas hydrate reservoirs is an important basis for the large-scale exploitation of natural gas hydrate resources. The wellbore stability analysis model in this study considers the evolution of the reservoir mechanical strength, wellbore temperature, and pressure parameters along the depth and uses plastic strain as a new criterion for wellbore instability. The wellbore stability model couples the hydrate phase transition near the wellbore area under the effect of the wellbore temperature and pressure field and the ‘heat–fluid–solid’ multifield evolution characteristics, and then simulates the stability evolution law of the wellbore area during the drilling process in the shallow seabed. The research results show that, owing to the low temperature of the seawater section and shallow formation, the temperature of the drilling fluid in the shallow layer of the wellbore can be maintained below the formation temperature, which effectively inhibits the decomposition of hydrates in the wellbore area. When the wellbore temperature increases or pressure decreases, the hydrate decomposition rate near the wellbore accelerates, and the unstable area of the wellbore will further expand. The research results can provide a reference for the design of drilling parameters for hydrate reservoirs.

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Primary deposition and early diagenetic effects on the high saturation accumulation of gas hydrate in a silt dominated reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 12 publications

References 89 publications

Numerical Simulation of Coastal Sub-Permafrost Gas Hydrate Formation in the Mackenzie Delta, Canadian Arctic

Numerical Simulation of Coastal Sub-Permafrost Gas Hydrate Formation in the Mackenzie Delta, Canadian Arctic

Controlling Effect of Particle Size on Gas Hydrate Enrichment in Fine‐Grained Sediments

Study on the Evolution Law of Wellbore Stability Interface during Drilling of Offshore Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

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