Primary Frequency Regulation of Intelligent Building-type Virtual Power Plant

Abstract

In order to cope with the impact of intelligent building-type virtual power plant on system frequency, this paper proposes a primary frequency control strategy. Firstly, a typical demand-side resource model of intelligent building-type virtual power plant is established, which considers the travel uncertainty of electric vehicles and resident’s comfort preference. Secondly, the control parameters of electric vehicles and air-conditioning loads are designed respectively, and a control strategy based on variable coefficient droop control is proposed. Finally, a simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the primary frequency regulation strategy, which can effectively reduce system frequency fluctuations while ensuring user demand.

Design of gorilla troops optimizer‐tuned 2DOF‐PID controller to improve the frequency response of centralized‐control technical virtual power plant

“…7 In this regard, the CVPP collects each DER's bid prices, up-down frequency reserves, ramp rate, and activation delay at different time scales for the next day or an hour. [9][10][11][12][13][14] To maximize each DER's profit, the CVPP also receives market-related data like price forecasts from the market operator and generates an optimal schedule for activating DERs. 7 Reliable data mining tools and effective computational strategies are deployed to prepare an optimal schedule for bidding in the FC-AS market.…”

“…25 Thus, the TVPP central operator is responsible for determining these droop and dead-band parameters by collecting the status of DERs in near real-time before delivering the activation signals. 10,11 After obtaining the updated frequency control capability of all DERs, the TVPP operator dispatches the request signal for activation to different DERs to satisfy the required flexibility of the grid. 28,29 Then, the activation phase of adjusting the generation of DER units starts after the TVPP operator receives each DER unit's confirmation signal.…”

“…The frequency reserve capacities and their marginal costs are obtained from each DER by CVPP to build a portfolio to make contracts for frequency control ancillary service (FC‐AS) markets 7 . In this regard, the CVPP collects each DER's bid prices, up‐down frequency reserves, ramp rate, and activation delay at different time scales for the next day or an hour 9‐14 . To maximize each DER's profit, the CVPP also receives market‐related data like price forecasts from the market operator and generates an optimal schedule for activating DERs 7 .…”

“…The droop co‐efficient of each DERs generally varies with time based on the availability of reserves, 24‐26 and the varying frequency dead‐band of the DER units are also determined to avoid the frequent activation of sensitive DERs and to fix the priority of activation among many DERs 25 . Thus, the TVPP central operator is responsible for determining these droop and dead‐band parameters by collecting the status of DERs in near real‐time before delivering the activation signals 10,11 …”