Primary functions of the quadratus femoris and obturator externus muscles indicated from lengths and moment arms measured in mobilized cadavers

Vaarbakken, Kjartan; Steen, Harald; Samuelsen, Gunnar; Dahl, H. A.; Leergaard, Trygve B.; Stuge, Britt

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.02.004

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In a recent cadaver study, one group concluded that quadratus femoris is a primary extensor of the hip when it is in a flexed position. 36 In line with this, recent fine-wire electromyography findings 37 found that quadratus femoris shows a peak of activity in walking and running during the first part of stance (ie, when the flexed hip begins to bear load) and also in late swing phase in running, presumably to decelerate the flexing hip during late swing. Overall, the recent finding shows that quadratus femoris is important for load-bearing and control of extension force at the hip joint, particularly in a flexed position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed-rest

Belavý

Ohshima

Rittweger

et al. 2017

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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AimsTo investigate differential muscle atrophy during bed-rest, the impact of a high-intensity concentric-eccentric (flywheel) resistance exercise countermeasure and muscle recovery after bed-rest.MethodsTwenty-five healthy male subjects underwent 90 dayshead-down tilt bed-rest. Volume of individual lower-limb muscles was measured via MRI before, twice during and four times up to 1 year after bed-rest. Subjects were either inactive (n=16) or performed flywheel exercise every third day of bed-rest (n=9). Functional performance was assessed via countermovement jump.ResultsOn ‘intent-to-treat’ analysis, flywheel prevented atrophy in the vasti (p<0.001) and reduced atrophy in the hip adductor/extensor adductor magnus (p=0.001) and ankle dorsiflexors/toe flexors (soleus (p<0.001), gastrocnemius medialis (p<0.001), gastrocnemius lateralis (p=0.02), and tibialis posterior with flexor digitorum longus (p=0.04)). Flywheel exercise was not effective for the hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, peroneals and anterior tibial muscles. Muscle atrophy in vasti, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis and adductor magnus correlated with losses in countermovement jump performance. Muscle volume recovered within 90 days after bed-rest, however long-term after bed-rest, the inactive subjects only showed significantly increased muscle volume versus prebed-rest in a number of muscles including soleus (+4.3%), gastrocnemius medialis (+3.9%) and semimembranosus (+4.3%). This was not associated with greater countermovement jump performance.ConclusionThe exercise countermeasure was effective in preventing or reducing atrophy in the vasti, adductor magnus and ankle dorsiflexors/toe flexors but not the hamstrings, medial thigh muscles or peroneals and dorsiflexor muscles.Trial registration numberNCT00311571; results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed-rest

Belavý

Ohshima

Rittweger

et al. 2017

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…QF is typically active in stance with minimal activation during swing . Given that QF is not in an optimal functional position during early swing, the altered coordination of the FAI group, which includes a large contribution from QF, may indicate an effort to increase stability of the pathological joint. Given that FAI patients reported minimal pain during the gait assessment, it is unlikely that these coordination strategies are a direct consequence of nociceptive input.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of deep hip muscle activity is altered in symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement

et al. 2016

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Diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is increasing, yet the associated physical impairments remain poorly defined. This morphological hip condition can cause joint pain, stiffness, impaired function, and eventually hip osteoarthritis. This exploratory study compared coordination of deep hip muscles between people with and without symptomatic FAI using analysis of muscle synergies (i.e., patterns of activity of groups of muscles activated in synchrony) during gait. Fifteen individuals (11 males) with symptomatic FAI (clinical examination and imaging) and 14 age- and sex-comparable controls without morphological FAI underwent testing. Intramuscular fine-wire and surface electrodes recorded electromyographic activity of selected deep and superficial hip muscles. A non-negative matrix factorization algorithm extracted three synergies which were compared between groups. Information regarding which muscles were activated together in the FAI group (FAI group synergy vector) was used to reconstruct individual electromyography patterns and compare groups. Variance accounted for (VAF) by three synergies was less for the control (94.8 [1.4]%) than FAI (96.0 [1.0]%) group (p = 0.03). VAF of obturator internus was significantly higher in the FAI group (p = 0.02). VAF of the reconstructed individual electromyography patterns with the FAI or control group vector were significantly higher for the FAI group (p < 0.01). Following reconstruction, VAF of quadratus femoris was significantly more reduced in controls (p = 0.04), indicating greater between-subject variability. Coordination of deep hip muscles in the synergy related to hip joint control during early swing differed between groups. This phase involves movement towards the impingement position, which has relevance for the interpretation of synergy differences and potential clinical importance. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1494-1504, 2017.

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“…The muscles selected for this study also do not capture the full range of functional diversity within the feeding and locomotor systems. For example, it would be of interest to take the same measurements from bi-articular muscles (e.g., MacFadden and Brown, 2007) including jaw depressors (e.g., van Eijden et al, 1997), hip rotators (e.g., Delp et al, 1999;Vaarbakken et al, 2015), or intrinsic muscles of the hands and feet (e.g., Smutz et al, 1998). However, as the goal of this study was to directly compare muscles of the feeding TA B L E 2 Interspecific (n = one individual per species) summary statistics (mean ± standard deviation) for the mechanical variables across the range of joint excursion for each of the representative muscles Specifically, we treat all muscles as if they have similar contractile properties, internal architecture, physiological cross-sectional area, fiber types, and activity patterns.…”

Section: Pan Troglodytes Vs Homo Sapiens;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in muscle mechanics underlie divergent optimality criteria between feeding and locomotor systems

Granatosky

Ross

2020

Journal of Anatomy

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Tetrapod musculoskeletal diversity is usually studied separately in feeding and locomotor systems. However, direct comparisons between these systems promise important insight into how natural selection deploys the same basic musculoskeletal toolkit-connective tissues, bones, nerves, and skeletal muscle-to meet the differing performance criteria of feeding and locomotion. Recent studies using this approach How to cite this article: Granatosky MC, Ross CF. Differences in muscle mechanics underlie divergent optimality criteria between feeding and locomotor systems.

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Primary functions of the quadratus femoris and obturator externus muscles indicated from lengths and moment arms measured in mobilized cadavers

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed-rest

High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed-rest

Coordination of deep hip muscle activity is altered in symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement

Differences in muscle mechanics underlie divergent optimality criteria between feeding and locomotor systems

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Primary functions of the quadratus femoris and obturator externus muscles indicated from lengths and moment arms measured in mobilized cadavers

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed-­rest­

High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed-­rest­

Coordination of deep hip muscle activity is altered in symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement

Differences in muscle mechanics underlie divergent optimality criteria between feeding and locomotor systems

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High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed-rest

High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed-rest