Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Presenting as Myopericarditis and Rhabdomyolysis

Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Rhabdomyolysis

“…We searched medline through PubMed using the words rhabdomyolysis, primary HIV infection and acute HIV infection to look for cases of rhabdomyolysis and PHI in the English-language literature. Several case reports presented cases of patients with PHI and rhabdomyolysis [9,12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. A summary of these case reports in addition to our three cases is found in (Table 1) Most of the patients complained of myalgias and had a history of elevated temperatures or a fever on presentation.…”

“…In addition, a number of these reports did not mention if a drug screen was done and an alcohol history was not clear or an alcohol blood level was not obtained. It is noteworthy that few patients presented with rhabdomyolysis in the setting of multi-organ involvement such as liver failure [20] or myocarditis [15,20,21] in the setting of PHI. All patients including the ones from the present study survived the acute presentation of rhabdomyolysis and none was started on antiretroviral therapy immediately.…”

Benign acute childhood myositis complicating influenza B infection in a boy with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

“…Myositis may also complicate other viral infections including herpes [16], enterovirus [17], HIV [18], measles [19], Dengue virus [13], and even Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection [20]. It is also believed that use of immunostimulant drugs including inosine pranobex [11, 21] may be a predisposing factor.…”

Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Dengue Virus Infection

“…Rhabdomyolysis is not well described as a complication of dengue virus infection and is probably underrecognized. All patients with severe dengue virus infection should undergo urinalysis, and serum creatinine kinase levels should be measured if urinalysis reveals heme.Viral myositis leading to rhabdomyolysis and its complications are well described with several acute viral infections, most notably influenza A and B virus, HIV, coxsackieviruses, and cytomegalovirus [1][2][3][4][5]. To our knowledge, it has only twice previously been reported in association with acute dengue virus infection [6, 7] and is not mentioned as a potential complication of dengue fever by major textbooks or review articles [8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…Rhabdomyolysis due to several viruses other than dengue virus has been well described [1][2][3][4][5]; however, the pathogenesis of acute viral myositis and consequent rhabdomyolysis has not been established. Direct invasion of muscle by virus has not been consistently demonstrated, and the most likely cause is thought to be myotoxic cytokines, particularly TNF released in response to viral infection [8,13].…”