Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease)

Vignes, S.; Bellanger, J

doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-5

Cited by 251 publications

(373 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, male and female rats fed the highest dose showed dilated intestinal lacteals involved in the absorption of dietary fats in the small intestine. Such dilation is indicative of lymphangiectasia, a rare disorder that can lead to edema and its related complications, including fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vitamin deficiencies, and weight loss [47]. The observation of jejunal lacteal dilation is extremely rare in rodent toxicity studies, so the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ashitaba powder was concluded to be 300 mg · kg −1 body weight [45].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Review of the Medicinal Uses and Pharmacology of Ashitaba

Caesar

Cech

2016

Planta Med

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Medicinal plants are commonly employed for therapeutic purposes throughout the world. A recent National Health Interview Survey estimated that nearly 18 % of adults in the United States regularly took non-vitamin, non-mineral dietary supplements in 2012 [1]. Because of the popularity of herbal medicines, it is important to understand the chemical basis behind the purported activities of botanicals. Angelica, a member of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, is a large genus comprised of over 60 species. Members of the genus have been utilized as medicines across the world, most notably in Asia, to treat numerous ailments, including influenza, hepatitis, arthritis, indigestion, fever, and microbial infections [2]. An increasing number of studies are being conducted on a medicinally promising member of the genus, Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (Apiaceae), or ashitaba. This large leafy perennial plant native to the Pacific coast of Japan is used throughout Asia for its diuretic, laxative, stimulant, and galactagogue properties [3]. In the past decade, several active constituents representing chalcones, flavanones, and coumarins have been isolated and characterized from ashitaba, and several bioactiv-ities have been described. This review presents the current progress on ashitaba pharmacological studies, with a focus on isolated secondary metabolites, biological activity, toxicological data, and clinical relevance. Bioactive Metabolites Isolated from Ashitaba ! Chalcones Most of the literature on the bioactive metabolites from ashitaba concerns the diverse activity of various chalcones (l " Table 1 and Fig. 1), which are most abundant in the root bark of the plant [4]. Chalcones are formed from phenylpropanoid starter units, extended with three malonyl-CoA molecules. The resulting polyketide is folded by the enzyme chalcone synthase to promote Claisen condensations and subsequent enolizations [5]. Interestingly, the bioactive chalcones found in ashitaba are prenylated at the 5′-position (l " Fig. 1), indicating that these molecules have undergone multiple biosynthetic steps, travelling through the acetate, shikimate, and isoprenoid pathways.

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confidence: 99%

A Review of the Medicinal Uses and Pharmacology of Ashitaba

Caesar

Cech

2016

Planta Med

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“…In such cases, videoscope enteroscopy may be used. Histopathological examination of duodenumjejunum and ileum biopsies confirm the presence of lacteal juice dilated mucosa (from moderate to severe) and submucosal lymphatic vessels with polyclonal normal plasma cells 8 .CT and MRI are helpful in rulling out many secondary forms of intestinal lymphangiectasia. CT may show dilatation of small bowel, thickening and hypervascularity of the mucosal folds with MRI confirming the hyperintensity on T1 images suggestive of protein rich fluid 9,10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…secondary to constrictive pericarditis, intestinal lymphoma, lymphenteric fistula, Whipple's disease, Crohn's disease, sarcoidosis, intestinal tuberculosis, systemic sclerosis, radiation and/or chemotherapy with retroperitoneal fibrosis, human immunodeficiency virus-related enteropathy or the Fontan operation to treat cardiac malformations. Dilated lymphatics are located primarily in the small bowel resulting in severe leakage of lymph in to the gastrointestinal tract which translates into loss of proteins, immunoglobulins and lymphocytes 2,3 .This entity IJBR (2013) 04 (10) www.ssjournals.com first described by Waldmann in 1961, primarily affects children (generally diagnosed before 3 years of age) and young adults but may be diagnosed later in adulthood 4,5 . Since then, no more than two hundred cases have been reported 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late onset Intestinal Lymphangiectasia -A rare cause of bipedal edema in middle age

Singh

Chand

Verma

et al. 2013

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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“…Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a rare protein losing enteropathy caused by congenital malformation or obstruction of the intestinal lymphatic drainage system [1]. Elevated pressure in the intestinal lymphatic system causes dilatation and rupture of the lacteals, with loss of lymphatic fluid which is rich in fat and protein.…”

Section: Background and Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%