Primary Intracranial Neoplasms

Earle, Kenneth M.; Rentschler, E. H.; Snodgrass, S. Robert

doi:10.1097/00005072-195707000-00003

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, a major problem of the cytogenetic system was that it classified glioblastomas as de novo tumors, ignoring elements of intermediate differentiation and malignant progression from lower grade tumors. Subsequently, malignant progression was approached by Kernohan [6], Ringertz [7], and Earle and colleagues [8] in a variety of ways. The major problem inherent in the cytogenetic approach lay not only in its neglect of the nonglial features of the tumors including angiogenesis, mesenchymal elements, and even necrotic foci that have become landmarks of grading the tumor [4, 9] but also they all emphasize a linearity in progression from early tumor to later tumor that are not found in nature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Neuropathologist's View

McLendon

Rich

2011

Journal of Oncology

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Glioblastoma (WHO Grade IV) is both the most common primary brain tumor and the most malignant. Advances in the understanding of the biology of the tumor are needed in order to obtain a clearer picture of the mechanisms driving these tumors. To neuropathologists, glioblastoma is a tumor that represents a complex system of migrating pleomorphic tumor cells, proliferating blood vessels, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and necrosis. This review will highlight how the glioma stem cell concept brings these elements together into a collective whole, interacting with microenvironmental influences in complex ways. Borrowing from chaos theory a vocabulary of “self organizing systems” and “complex adaptive systems” that seem useful in describing these pathologic features, a new paradigm of glioblastoma biology will be proposed that genetic changes should be understood in a three dimensional framework as they relate not only to the tumor cells themselves but also to the multicellular hierarchical unit, not isolated from, but responsive to, its local milieu. In this way we will come to better appreciate the impact our therapeutic interventions have on the regional phenotypic heterogeneity that exists within the tumor and the intercellular communications directing adaptation and progression.

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confidence: 99%

Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Neuropathologist's View

McLendon

Rich

2011

Journal of Oncology

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“…with medulloblastoma treated with surgery and radiotherapy has been reported to be between 16 and 25 months (Bailey and Cushing, 1926;Pennybacker and Northfield, I950 ;Ringertz and Tola, 1950;Earle et a%, 1957;Smith et alii, 1961). The recent introduction of steroids to control brain cedema, the availability of effective bypass operative procedures to control hydrocephalus, and the use of supervoltage irradiation therapy to the entire neuraxis, are the main factors in achieving better results in patients with medulloblastoma.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gliomas: A Review of an 11 ‐year Series

Shaffi¹,

Lekias²,

Kakulas³

1975

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery

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A scrics of gliontas is reviewed in aiz endeavour to establish the eficacy or otherwise of the T*arioirs f o r m s o f treatment available I n general, it would Seem that prognosis depends upon the nctiidy o f tumoiir cells and the anatomical relationships of the lesion. From the experiencc of this series it appears that wide resection, i f this is possible, offers a longer survival time thafa any other forin o f treatment.

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“…The average post-operative survival is approximately 6 months (Craig, Dodge and Svien, 1957;Earle, Rentschler and Snodgrass, 1957). Freinkel and Gorman (1958) reviewed 219 cases treated by surgery alone of which only 130% were still alive at one year.…”

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confidence: 99%

Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Controlled Trial to Assess the Value of Specific Active Immunotherapy in Patients Treated by Radical Surgery and Radiotherapy

Bloom¹,

Peckham²,

Richardson³

et al. 1973

Br J Cancer

109

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Summary.-The results are reported of a randomized prospective clinical trial carried out to assess the value of specific active immunotherapy using irradiated autologous tumour cells in patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated by radical surgery and post-operative irradiation. The results in 62 patients show no statistically significant difference in survival between the group receiving adjuvant autologous tumour cells and those treated with surgery and radiotherapy alone. All 27 patients receiving tumour cells were dead at 30 months, whereas 7 of the 35 controls were alive at this time. The results were considered sufficiently discouraging to abandon the trial at this stage on the grounds that there was sufficient evidence in this study that the administration of irradiated autologous cells was of no benefit to patients with high grade astrocytomata.

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Primary Intracranial Neoplasms

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Neuropathologist's View

Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Neuropathologist's View

Gliomas: A Review of an 11 ‐year Series

Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Controlled Trial to Assess the Value of Specific Active Immunotherapy in Patients Treated by Radical Surgery and Radiotherapy

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