Primary intraosseous leiomyosarcoma of the nasal and paranasal cavities: A case report

Abstract

Leiomyosarcomas belong to one of the histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcomas. They most often occur in genital, gastrointestinal tract and extremities, and the appearance of these tumors in the bones (especially head and neck) is very rare. Clinically, leiomyosarcomas are aggressive tumors. Treatment is multidisciplinary and includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This case report presents a 61-year-old patient who was referred to a maxillofacial surgeon due to congestion of the right side of the nose, pain in the right eye, and occasional epistaxis. After complete examination, including biopsy with histopathology and immunohistochemistry, primary intraosseous leiomyosarcoma of the nose and paranasal cavities was diagnosed. Since the tumor lesion was assessed as inoperable, the treatment started with radiotherapy. Two and half years after the radiotherapy was completed, there was good local control of the disease and no dissemination. The case report illustrates the rarity of localization, challenges and difficulties in multimodal treatment, and contribution of radiotherapy to good treatment results.